Artacoana

Artacoana^[1] (Greek: Ἀρτακόανα) or Artacana^[2] or Articaudna^[3] (Greek: Ἀρτικαύδνα) or Chortacana^[4] or Artacaena^[5], name of the capital of Aria, an eastern satrapy of the Persian empire.

In late 330 B.C. Alexander the Great, according to his biographers, captured Artacoana, the Areian capital.^[6] Later, a new capital was built, either by Alexander himself or by his successors, Alexandria Ariana (Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ ἐν Ἀρίοις), modern Herat in northwest Afghanistan. Ptolemy lists several other cities, an indication of the province's wealth and fertility. The most important, according to Ptolemy were^[7][8]:

Dista Nabaris Taua Augara Bitaxa Sarmagana

Sipharê Rhagaura Zamuchana Ambrodax Bogadia Varpna

Godana Phoraga Chatrisachê Chauvrina Orthiana Taupana

Astanda Articaudna Alexandria in Aria Babarsana Caputana Susia

Aria civitas Basica Sotira Orbetanê Nisibis Paracanacê

Gariga Darcama Cotacê Tribasina Astasana Zimyra

The etymology of this name remains unknown, and whether this place should be identified with the modern city of Herat is also uncertain, although the strategic position of modern Herat would suggest its great antiquity; and thus the possibility remains that they are one and the same place. In the early nineteenth century a Persian Achaemenid cuneiform cylinder seal was found in or near Herat.^[9]

See also

• Aria
• Herat

References

1. ^ Arrian, Anabasis 3.25
2. ^ Curtius 6. 6.33
3. ^ Ptolemy, Ptolemy's Geography
4. ^ Diodorus 17.78.1
5. ^ Pliny, Natural History 6.61.93; Strabo 11.10.1
6. ^ Arrian, Anabasis 3.25
7. ^ European Cultural Heritage Online (ECHO), Ptolemaeus, Claudius, Geografia : cioè descrittione vniversale (universale) della terra; partita in due volumi, 1621, pages 114 & 115
8. ^ Encyclopédie méthodique ou par ordre de matières par une société de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes (1871), page 206
9. ^ Torrens, 1842