Chestnut (horse anatomy)

For the coat color in horses, see Chestnut (coat).

Chestnut

The chestnut, also known as a night eye,^[1] is a callousity on the body of a horse or other equine, found on the inner side of the leg above the knee on the foreleg and, if present, below the hock on the hind leg.

Chestnuts vary in size and shape and are sometimes compared to the fingerprints in humans.^[1] For purposes of identification some breed registries require photographs of them among other individual characteristics.^[1] However, because chestnuts grow over time and horse grooms often peel or trim off the outer layers for neatness, their appearance is subject to change.

Distribution among equines

African wild ass foal with black chestnut on foreleg, no chestnut on hindleg

Domestic horse with chestnuts on fore and hind legs

The evolution of the horse involved a reduction in the number of toes to one, along with other changes to the ancestral equid foot. The chestnut is thought to correspond to the wrist pad of dogs and cats, or to be a vestigial scent gland similar to those found in some deer and other animals.^[2]

The domestic horse is almost alone among extant equines in having chestnuts on the hind legs.^[2] Chestnuts are absent from the hind legs of asses and zebras.^[3] The majority of domestic horses have chestnuts on all four legs, as does the Przewalski's horse,^[3] but a few horse breeds are reported to lack chestnuts on the hind legs.^[3] These include:

• Banker horse (most individuals)^[4]
• Caspian pony (some individuals)

Grooming

Chestnuts grow over time, protruding from the surface of the leg. Grooming for horse showing may include peeling or trimming the outer layers to give a neater appearance to the leg; they may peel more easily if softened first with baby oil or moisturizer. If left alone, eventually the chestnut peels naturally.

See also

• Ergot (horse anatomy)

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} J. Warren Evans, Anthony Borton, Harold Hintz, and L. Dale van Vleck (1990). The Horse (2nd ed.). Macmillan. p. 80. ISBN 0716718111, 9780716718116. http://books.google.com/?id=oyHr4hVs0m0C&pg=PA80&vq=fingerprints. 
2. ^ ^{a b} William Ridgeway (1905). The origin and influence of the Thoroughbred horse. University Press. pp. 538. http://books.google.com/?id=PuETAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=chestnut.  chapter 2
3. ^ ^{a b c} J. C. Ewart (1906). "The tarpan and its relationship with wild and domestic horses". Nature 74 (1909): 113–115. doi:10.1038/074113a0. http://books.google.com/?id=G9URAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA113. 
4. ^ Ives, Vickie; Tom Norush, Gretchen Patterson (2007-02). "Corolla and Shackleford Horse of the Americas Inspection" (PDF). Horse of the Americas. http://www.corollawildhorses.com/Images/HOA%20Report/hoa-report.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-11. 

External links

• Chestnuts And Ergots In Horses