Chavonnes Battery

Chavonnes battery
The interior of the museum showing the excavated walls
Location:	Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town, South Africa
Coordinates:	33°54′26″S 18°25′17″E / 33.90722°S 18.42139°E / -33.90722; 18.42139Coordinates: 33°54′26″S 18°25′17″E / 33.90722°S 18.42139°E / -33.90722; 18.42139
Built:	1714–1725
Built for:	Dutch East India Company
Location of Chavonnes battery in Western Cape

The Chavonnes battery was a fortification protecting Cape Town, South Africa. Built in the early 18th century, it has served many purposes but is now a museum.

History

The Nedbank building, which contains the Chavonnes Cannon battery museum at night.

The battery was one of the Fortifications of the Cape Peninsula linked to the Castle of Good Hope.^[1] It was built in 1714–1725 by the Dutch East India Company,^[2] and named after its originator, Maurits Pasque de Chavonnes, who was the governor of the Cape Colony.

The battery was built in a “U” shape with a stone wall built immediately on the rocks at the waters edge.^[3] It had 16 mounted guns with an arc of fire of nearly 180 degrees.^[4] The battery also served as a prison and a quarantine and convalescent wing of the old Somerset Hospital.^[5][6]

It was used to protect the port and town until 1861 when construction work started on the Alfred and Victoria basins and some of the stone and rubble from the site was used to create a breakwater. Further damage occurred when coal bunkers and later a fish factory were built over the site.^[7]

Excavation and preservation

Display of cannon balls

In the 1990s, during the development of the Clock Tower Precinct at the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront and the construction of an office building for the BoE Stockbrokers group and Nedbank much of the battery was excavated by archaeologists from the University of Cape Town, and has now been opened as a museum.

The museum includes the excavated walls, well and other components of part of the battery, with displays on cannons and the equipment needed to maintain and fire them and information boards related to the history of Cape Town.^[8]

References

1. ^ Gabeba, Abrahams (1993). "The Grand Parade, Cape Town: Archaeological Excavations of the seventeenth century Fort de Goede Hoop". Fortifications of the Cape Peninsula 48: 3. JSTOR 3888871. 
2. ^ "Chavonnes Battery". V&A Waterfront. http://www.waterfront.co.za/home/history/historycontent/Pages/popup_historicalimages.aspx?image=41. Retrieved 18 September 2010. 
3. ^ "A part of old Cape Town that refused to die". Chavonnes Cannon Battery museum. http://www.chavonnesmuseum.co.za/. Retrieved 18 September 2010. 
4. ^ "Chavonnes Battery Museum". Cape Town Travel. http://www.capetown.travel/attractions/entry/chavonnes_battery_museum/. Retrieved 18 September 2010. 
5. ^ "V&A Waterfront, Cape Town". SA Venues. http://www.sa-venues.com/attractionswc/waterfront.htm. Retrieved 26 September 2010. 
6. ^ "News". CASEMATE – The FSG News Letter (Fortress Study Group) (74). September 2005. http://www.fsgfort.com/Cmate/74/Long.htm#09. Retrieved 18 September 2010. 
7. ^ Werz, Buno E.J.S.. "Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) for the port of Cape Town". Ocean Docs. http://www.oceandocs.org/bitstream/1834/391/1/Marine%2520Archaeology%2520Assessment.pdf. Retrieved 18 September 2010. 
8. ^ "Museum". Chavonnes Cannon Battery museum. http://www.chavonnesmuseum.co.za/museum.html. Retrieved 18 September 2010.