Changning (prince)

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Aisin-Gioro.

Aisin-Gioro Changning
Prince Gong of the Blood
Reign	1671-1703
Spouse	Lady Gutaoer
Issue
Yongshou Manduhu Haishan, Ximin Beili
Father	Shunzhi Emperor
Mother	Lady Chen
Born	December 8, 1657(1657-12-08)
Died	July 20, 1703(1703-07-20) (aged 45)

Changning 常寧 (December 8, 1657 – July 20, 1703), or Prince Gong (恭親王), was a Manchu noble, the fifth son of the Shunzhi Emperor and the half brother of the Kangxi Emperor, both of the Qing Dynasty of China.^[1] He received his princedom on March 1, 1671.^[2] In August 1690, Changning was named one of two commanders-in-chief for an expedition against Dzungar leader Galdan, a long-time enemy of the Qing.^[3] Having been granted the title of "Generalissimo for the Pacification of the North" (安北大將軍), he was ordered to march his armies through the Xifengkou 喜峰口 pass north of Beijing, and then to combine his forces with those of his half-brother Fuquan, the other commander-in-chief, in order to attack Galdan.^[4] They reached Galdan's position on September 3, but after a battle that ended in a standstill, they let Galdan escape, a mistake for which Changning was stripped of his place on the Deliberative Council of Princes and High Officials.^[5] In 1696 he took part in a new campaign that decisively weakened Galdan before the latter's final defeat in 1697.^[6] When he died in 1703, Changning was not given posthumous honors equal to his princely rank, and was not allowed to transmit his title to his descendants, who instead inherited diminished ranks according to the laws concerning the transmission of Qing nobility titles.^[7]

Notes

1. ^ Fang 1943, p. 69. Date of birth: Qingshi gao, ch. 5, p. 150, Shunzhi 14.11.壬寅 (4th); date of death: Qingshi gao, ch. 8, p. 263, Kangxi 42.6.辛巳 (7th).
2. ^ Qingshi gao, ch. 6, p. 180, Kangxi 10.1.癸酉 (21st); Fang 1943, p. 69.
3. ^ Fang 1943, p. 69.
4. ^ Fang 1943, p. 69.
5. ^ Fang 1943, p. 69.
6. ^ Fang 1943, p. 69.
7. ^ Fang 1943, pages 69-70.

Bibliography

• Fang, Chao-ying (1943). "Ch'ang-ning". In Hummel, Arthur W. Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912). Washington: United States Government Printing Office. pp. 69–70. http://books.google.com/books?id=AQ2GAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1. 
• Qingshi gao 清史稿 ["Draft History of the Qing"]. Edited by Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽 et al. Completed in 1927. Citing from 1976-77 edition by Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, in 48 volumes with continuous pagination.

Persondata
Name	Changning
Alternative names	常寧 (Chinese)
Short description	Chinese Qing Dynasty prince
Date of birth	December 8, 1657
Place of birth
Date of death	July 20, 1703
Place of death