Changdev Maharaj

The siblings Muktabai, Sopan, Dnyaneshwar and Nivruttinath seated on the flying wall greet Changdev seated on a tiger. In the centre, Changdev bows to Dnyaneshwar.

Changdev Maharaj (also commonly referenced in ancient texts as Changa Deva, Changadeva, or simply Changa) was a mystical yogi turned saint who is believed to have lived in the village of Vateshwar along the banks of the Tapti River for 1,400 years.^[1] Per popular belief, Changdev Maharaj achieved Bhuta Siddhi (control over the classical elements) based on his yogic powers and used these powers to perform various supernatural acts.^[2] Even though Changdev Maharaj himself is believed to have had held godly status and followers, his current following is mostly amongst Varkaris due to his association with Dnyaneshwar and Mutkabai.^[3]

Present day remains

Temples dedicated to Changdev are today mostly found in the state of Maharashtra. References to his yogic and Tantric acts can be found in various literate related to yogic and Tantric streams as well as Buddhist folklore. The word Changa itself means good, and is also the name of a particular Shiva Jyotirlinga and the deity Bhairava.^[4]

In the present day, the village of Changdev, where Changdev Maharaj is believed to have lived for 1,400 years, houses an old temple dedicated to him. It is believed that the temple is about 3,000 years old. It is currently an ASI protected monument.^[5]

The present day Puntamba, a village along the banks of the Godavari River in Maharastra, is believed to be the 14th and final resting place for Changdev Maharaj. The village has a mid 17th century temple which houses the samadhi of Changdev Maharaj.^[3]

Narayanpur, a village to the south of Pune at the foothills of Purandar fort is believed be the native village of Changdev. It is believed that this ancient village, referred to as Pur during the Yadava Dynasty's rule, was a prosperous town. At present, it houses a 700+ year-old Narayan temple. The temple, which is Hemadpanti style, has inscriptions on its wall which preach teachings of Changdev Maharaj.^[6][7]

Even though not a temple by itself, the masonry wall used by Dnyaneshwar as a steed to visit Changdev (see below) is a sacred monument and is worshipped by the Varkaris visiting the holy city of Alandi.^[8]

Dnyanadev and the flying wall

Changdev is most commonly known today due to his popular first encounter with Dnyaneshwar, also known as Dnyanadev. As the story goes, when the four siblings of Nivritti − Dnyanadev, Sopandev, and Muktai − achieved glory, Changdev Maharaj wanted to test them, and hence sent them a blank note. When the siblings received this note, they laughed at the gesture and, on Nivritti’s asking, Dnyaneshwar wrote 65 verses which were the quintessence of Vedanta on it. When the paper reached Changdev Maharaj, he had difficulty understanding what was written, and decided to meet the siblings to show them his yogic powers in person. For this visit he chose to ride on back of a tiger, wielding a poisonous cobra as a whip. When the siblings, then sitting on a masonry wall, saw the procession of Changdev Maharaj and thousands of his devotees walking toward their house, they decided to break his pride by humiliating him. They patted on the wall and it rose up to fly in the air. This use of an inanimate wall as a vehicle amazed everyone present. Changdev realized the greatness of these children. He became one of their disciples and overcame his pride and ego.^[9] These verses sent by Dnyaneshwar later became known as Changdev Pasashti (Pasast means 65 in Marathi) and are one of the holy scriptures amongst followers of Dnyaneshwar.

Muktai, the spiritual guide

Muktai, the sister of Dnyaneshwar, is believed to be the spiritual guide of Changdev Maharaj. As the legend goes, once Muktai and her brothers were sitting in the ashram when Changdev happened to pass by. Muktai was of course fully clad, but she appeared to Changdev as unclad and at once he turned away. Muktai then told him that he was not perfect as he still had a complex of sex and shame, and did not see God in every being. These words of Muktai had great effect on him and he eradicated this weakness through intense sadhana. Changdev wished to make Dnyanadev his guru, but Dnyanadev said that Muktai was the right spiritual guru instead of himself. From this point on, Changdev took Muktai as his spiritual guide, and many references to Muktai can be found in the Abhangs that he wrote.

References

1. ^ "Gazetteers Of The Bombay Presidency - Ahmadnagar". Government Central Press. http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Ahmadnagar/places_p.html#8. Retrieved 2009-01-22. .
2. ^ Lives of Saints. http://www.scribd.com/doc/6558230/Lives-of-Saints. Retrieved 2009-01-22. .
3. ^ ^{a b} "The Gazetteers Department - AHMADNAGAR". Government Central Press. http://www.ahmednagar.nic.in/gazetteer/places_Puntamba.html. Retrieved 2009-01-22. 
4. ^ Schomer, Karine. The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India. p. 225. ISBN 8120802772. 
5. ^ "List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Aurangabad - Archaeological Survey of India". http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_maharashtra_aurangabad.asp. Retrieved 2009-01-22. 
6. ^ Milind Gunaji (2005). Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra. ISBN 8171546692. http://books.google.com/books?id=JIjmDLardesC. 
7. ^ "Narayanpur ( Old Temple of Lord Datta )". Bhor Municipal Council. http://bhormunicipalcouncil.com/tourism.html. Retrieved 2009-01-22. 
8. ^ "Gazetteers Of The Bombay Presidency - Poona". Government Central Press. http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Poona-III/places_a.html#. Retrieved 2009-01-22. 
9. ^ Stories of Indian Saints: Translation of Mahipati's Marathi Bhaktavijaya. ISBN 9788120804692.