Chambers v. Maroney

Chambers v. Maroney
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued April 27, 1970 Decided June 22, 1970
Full case name	Chambers v. Maroney
Citations	399 U.S. 42 (more) 90 S. Ct. 1975; 26 L. Ed. 2d 419
Prior history	408 F.2d 1186 (affirmed)
Holding
Court membership
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger Associate Justices Hugo Black · William O. Douglas John M. Harlan II · William J. Brennan, Jr Potter Stewart · Byron White Thurgood Marshall · Harry Blackmun
Case opinions
Majority	White, joined by Burger, Black, Douglas, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Blackmun
Concurrence	Stewart
Concur/dissent	Harlan
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. IV

In Chambers v. Maroney 399 U.S. 42 (1970), the United States Supreme Court applied the Carroll doctrine in a case with a significant factual difference—the search took place after the vehicle was moved to the stationhouse. The search was thus delayed and did not take place on the highway (or street) as in Carroll.^[1] After a gas station robbery, a vehicle fitting the description of the robbers' car was stopped. Inside were people wearing clothing matching the description of that worn by the robbers. They were arrested, and the car was taken to the police station where it was later searched.

Opinion of the Court

The Court first held that the search could not be sustained as a search incident under Preston and Dyke. It quoted at length from Carroll that a search of a movable vehicle is treated differently under the Fourth Amendment because the mobility of the vehicle alone can easily defeat the warrant requirement.^[2] If there is probable cause to believe the vehicle contains criminal evidence and there exist exigent circumstances where the vehicle can be removed from the jurisdiction, a warrantless search would be reasonable.^[3] It made no constitutional difference here that the search followed the seizure because the probable cause which developed on the street still existed at the stationhouse.^[4] For this purpose, it is significant to note that the automobile exception and the search incident doctrine are quite different.

See also

• List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 399

References

1. ^ Compare Preston v United States (1964) 376 US 364, 84 S Ct 881, 11 L Ed 2d 777 , and Dyke v Taylor Implement Mfg. Co. (1968) 391 US 216, 88 S Ct 1472, 20 L Ed 2d 538, where the Court held that a search incident could not be conducted later at the stationhouse.
2. ^ Chambers v. Maroney, 399 US at 48-49, quoting Carroll v. United States, supra, 267 US at 153-54.
3. ^ Chambers v. Maroney, 399 US at 50-51: But the circumstances that furnish probable cause to search a particular auto for particular articles are most often unforeseeable; moreover, the opportunity to search is fleeting since a car is readily movable. Where this is true, as in Carroll and the case before us now, if an effective search is to be made at any time, either the search must be made immediately without a warrant or the car itself must be seized and held without a warrant for whatever period is necessary to obtain a warrant for the search. See also id. at 51 n. 9.
4. ^ Chambers v. Maroney, supra, at 52. Compare United States v. Edwards (1974) 415 US 800, 94 S Ct 1234, 39 L Ed 2d 771 (ovrld on other grounds by United States v. Chadwick (1977) 433 US 1, 97 S Ct 2476, 53 L Ed 2d 538 and diverged from by California v. Acevedo (1991) 500 US 565, 111 S Ct 1982, 114 L Ed 2d 619 ), discussed in § 16.13 supra (a delayed seizure of clothing from an arrestee was not an unreasonable search), and United States v. Van Leeuwen (1970) 397 US 249, 90 S Ct 1029, 25 L Ed 2d 282 , discussed in Chapter 29 (delay of mail in transit to allow probable cause to develop).

Further reading

Chambers is discussed in:

• Note, 75 Dick L Rev 511 (1971);
• Note, 46 Ind L J 257 (1971);
• Comment, 47 Notre Dame Law 668 (1972);
• Note, 7 Tulsa L J 197 (1971);
• Note, 23 Vand L Rev 1370 (1970).
• Heisse, Warrant1ess Automobile Searches and Telephonic Search Warrants: Should the Automobile Exception be Redrawn?, 7 Hast Const L Q 1031 (1980).

External links

• Text of Chambers v. Maroney, 399 U.S. 42 (1970) is available from: Justia · Findlaw