Ceratophyllum echinatum

Ceratophyllum echinatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Ceratophyllales
Family:	Ceratophyllaceae
Genus:	Ceratophyllum
Species:	C. echinatum
Binomial name
Ceratophyllum echinatum

Ceratophyllum echinatum , commonly called Spineless Hornwort, is an aquatic perennial plant of the family Ceratophyllum.^[1] It can be found in ponds and lakes. It is principally an eastern North American species and the only species of its genus endemic to North America. ^[2]

Description

Ceratophyllum echinatum is an aquatic herb. The spineless hornwort usually does not have any roots with stems that are freely branching (0.3-4.0 m long). The leaves are submerged and they are usually in whorls of 5 -12. Its flower does not have any petals but have sepals (3-15) that are sometimes mistaken for petals. The flower is tiny, could be male or female, and contains about 12- 16 stamens.^[3] It blooms from February to July ^[4] Its fruits have dry seeds with a lot of spines and a rough surface ^[5]

Distribution

Ceratophyllum echinatum can be found in the US(AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV) and also in some parts of Canada (BC, MB, NB, NS, ON, QC) ^[6]

Economic value

It is often used in aquariums because of the way they look, its high oxygen production, and its ability to minimize the blue-green algae growth.

Threatened and Endangered Information

The Commons names are from the federal and the state lists. ^[7]

• Maine: Prickly Hornwort - Special Concern
• Maryland : Prickyly hornwort - Endangered
• New Jersey: Spiny Coontail - Endangered
• New York: Prickly Hornwort - Threatened
• Tennessee: Pricky Hornwort - Special Concern

Origin of the name

Ceratophyllum comes fron the Greek keras, "a horn," and phyllon,"leaf," which means alluding to the stiff and narrow leaf divisions. Echinatum comes from echinus which means "sea-urchin or hegdehog" therefore its called "spiny" ^[8]

References

1. ^ "Ceratophyllum echinatum". from Alabama Plant atlas. http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=1488. 
2. ^ "Ceratophyllum echinatum". From Flora of North America. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500338. 
3. ^ "Specie Information". Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia. http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Ceratophyllum%20echinatum. 
4. ^ "Specie Information". From zipcode zoo. http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/C/Ceratophyllum_echinatum/. 
5. ^ "Ceratophyllum echinatum A.Gray". From Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium. http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=CERECH. 
6. ^ "Distribution Map of the Spineless Hornwort". From the USDA. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CEEC2. 
7. ^ "Threatened and Endangered Information". From the USDA. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CEEC2. 
8. ^ "Origin of the Name". From the Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium. http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=CERECH.