- Jean Cruveilhier
Jean Cruveilhier (born 1791 in
Limoges ,France ; died 1874 inSussac ) was a Frenchanatomist .He was educated at the
University of Paris , where in 1825 he succeededPierre Augustin Béclard (1785-1825) as professor ofanatomy . In 1836 he relinquished the chair of anatomy toGilbert Breschet (1784-1845), and became the first occupant of the recently founded chair ofpathological anatomy . Puerto Rican pro-independence leader, surgeon andLégion d'honneur laureate,Ramón Emeterio Betances , was one of his prominent students. [Ojeda Reyes, Félix, "El Desterrado de París", pp. 20, 29–30]Cruveilhier was a highly influential anatomist during the mid-19th century, and is known for his work regarding the
nervous system . He described the pathology of the neuronal lesions observed inmultiple sclerosis , and published his findings and illustrations in 1842. He was also the first to record the clinical history of a patient who had the disease. However, it wasn't until 1868 that multiple sclerosis was discovered byneurologist Jean-Martin Charcot to be a distinct, separate disease.He also performed extensive studies on inflammation of blood vessels, particularly
phlebitis . Cruveilhier believed that phlebitis was the cause of most diseases, however this postulation was later disproved byRudolf Virchow . Cruveilhier was a prolific writer, among his works were "Anatomie pathologique du corps humain" (1829-1842) and "Life of Dupuytren" (1840), which was a memorial to his teacher,Guillaume Dupuytren .His name is associated with "Cruveilhier's sign" (persistent
hypertension and occlusion of theportal vein ) and "Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease" (cirrhosis of the liver withoutascites ), which is named along with anatomistPaul Clemens von Baumgarten . Cruveilhier's name is also associated with several eponymous parts of the anatomy, however these terms have largely been replaced by clinical nomenclature:
* "Cruveilhier's fossa":scaphoid fossa
* "Cruveilhier's fascia": superficialfascia of perineum
* "Cruveilhier's joint": medianatlanto-axial joint
* "Cruveilhier's plexus": posteriorcervical plexus Written Works
* "Anatomie descriptive" (1834-1836)
* "Anatomie pathologique du corps humain" (1829-1842), with over 200 copper plates illustrated by Antoine Chazal (1793-1854).
* "Trait d'anatomie pathologique génerale" (1849-1864)
* "Anatomie du système nerveux de l'homme" (1845)
* "Traite d'anatomie descriptive" (1851)References
* Dr Léon Delhoume, "L' École de Dupuytren - Jean Cruveilhier". Paris 1937
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* [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/892.html "Jean Cruveilhier"] @Who Named It
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