Kalapuyan languages

Infobox Language
name=Kalapuya
region=Northwest Oregon
speakers=1 or 2; effectively extinct
iso3=kyl
familycolor=American
fam1=Kalapuyan

Kalapuyan (also Kalapuya) is a small extinct language family that was spoken in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon, United States. It consists of three languages.

Family division

Kalapuyan consists of

: 1. Northern Kalapuya (a.k.a. Tualatin-Yamhill): 2. Central Kalapuya (a.k.a. Santiam): 3. Yoncalla (a.k.a. Southern Kalapuya)

Genetic relations

Kalapuyan is usually connected with the various Penutian proposals with Kalapuyan lying within an "Oregon Penutian" sub-group (along with Takelma, Siuslaw, and Coosan). A special relationship with Takelma has been proposed, together forming a Takelman family; however, recent research has offered counterevidence against this relationship. Therefore, currently the Kalapuyan family is generally considered separate, but with promising connections to the Penutian hypothesis.

References

* Campbell, Lyle. (1997). "American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America". New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
* Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). "Languages". Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
* Mithun, Marianne. (1999). "The languages of Native North America". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
* Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978-present). "Handbook of North American Indians" (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1-3, 16, 18-20 not yet published).

External links

* [http://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/vol_1_no_2/Banks.html The Verbal Morphology of Santiam Kalapuya] (Northwest Journal of Linguistics)
*Ethnologue