Richard Alton Graham

Richard Alton Graham (November 6, 1920-September 24, 2007) was an American equal rights leader, one of the inaugural group of five members of the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). He was the founding director of the National Teachers Corps He was also one of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW), becoming one of its initial officers.Bernstein, Adam. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/28/AR2007092801922.html "Richard Graham, Early EEOC, Teacher Corps Leader."] "Washington Post." September 29, 2007.]

Early life

Graham was born in Chicago, Illinois; but he was raised in Lima, Ohio and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. During World War II, he served in the Army Air Forces in Iran. Fox, Margalit. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/08/us/08graham.html?scp=1&sq=richard+alton+graham&st=nyt "Richard Graham, Equal Rights Leader, Dies at 86."] "New York Times." October 8, 2007.] After the war, he worked with his father developing a variable speed drive transmission for electric motors. Father and son ran a small manufacturing business in Minominnee, Minnesota, until the younger Graham embarked on a career of public service.Phillips, Cabell. [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50817FE3D5F147A93C3A8178ED85F418685F9&scp=40&sq=richard+a+graham&st=p "Franklin Roosevelt Jr. to Head Equal Job Opportunity Agency; Panel, Created in Rights Act, Will Begin Work in July -- Other Members Named,"] "New York Times." May 11, 1965.]

Educational background

Graham was awarded a bachelor's degree in engineering from Cornell University in 1942. He earned a master's degree in education from Catholic University in 1970; and he continued his studies, earning a Ph.D. in philosophy in 1972 from what was then the "Union Graduate School", now the Union Institute and University in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Public Service

In 1961, Graham became the deputy of Sargent Shriver, the first director of the Peace Corps; and then he left Washington to head the Peace Corps in Tunisia (1963-1965).

In 1965, President [Lyndon Johnson] named Graham as one of the first members of the EEOC Commissioners. He was readily confirmed by Congress. He was a registered Republican in 1965 -- he later changed party affiliation -- and he was named to EEOC to add political balance. Among other activities, he was prominent in promoting the EEOC guidelines, including those prohibiting discrimination on the basis of gender. [Robertson, Nan. [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20616FF3D5D167A93C3A8178AD95F418685F9&scp=13&sq=richard+a+graham&st=p "U.S. Acts to Curb Sex Bias on Jobs; Business Given Guidelines to Assure Equality,"] "New York Times." November 11, 1965.] He would later say he "learned on the job" to become a feminist; and soon became one of the more outspoken commissioners along with the only female member, Aileen Hernandez, a future NOW founder and president.

He was the founding vice president of the National Organization for Women when it was first organized in 1966. He was a male supporter of women's rights at a time when not a lot of men were prepared to take that kind of stand in public; and, according to the 2007 NOW President Kim Gandy, Graham's decision to become a leader of the organization in its infancy gave NOW a certain level of credibility. In 1966, he was sworn in as the first director of the underfunded National Teachers Corps, with an initial budget of $7.5 million for 1,250 teachers in 125 schools. This meant that from the outset, Graham's top priority became lobbying Congress for additional appropriations to bridge the gap between the program's funding and its projected per capita costs of $8,100 per teacher. [ [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20911F63E54117B93C1A9178AD95F428685F9&scp=1&sq=richard+a+graham&st=p "New Funds Sought by Teacher Corps; Graham, Sworn as Director, Hopes Congress Will Act,"] "New York Times." November 3, 1966.] By 1968, the Teacher Corps had expanded into 200 schools; and the program had earned modest bi-partisan support. [Herbers, John. [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50A13FC3F5C107B93C3AA178ED85F438685F9&scp=10&sq=richard+a+graham&st=p "Teachers Corps Faces Revision But Retention Is Held Likely,"] "New York Times." May 31, 1967; [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0B16FB3455157493C3AB178BD95F4C8685F9&scp=3&sq=richard+a+graham&st=p "Teacher Proposal Praised,"] "New York Times." October 21, 1968.] Graham continued to head the Teacher Corps in the early years of the Nixon administration until early 1971. [Rosenthal, Jack. [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20E17FD3D5F107B93CBAB178AD85F458785F9&scp=7&sq=richard+a+graham&st=p "Service Corps Struggle; A Press Release Constitutes Bold Salvo In Fight Over Proposed Agency's Role,"] "New York Times." January 29, 1971.]

In the mid-1970s, he became director of the Center for Moral Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He served as President of Goddard College in Plainfield, Vermont (1975-1976); and he helped found the Goddard-Cambridge Center for Social Change.

From the mid-1980s until his death, Graham was an adviser to the Council for Research in Values and Philosophy in Washington, D.C.

Notes

References

* Bernstein, Adam. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/28/AR2007092801922.html "Richard Graham, Early EEOC, Teacher Corps Leader."] "Washington Post." September 29, 2007.
* Fox, Margalit. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/08/us/08graham.html?scp=1&sq=richard+alton+graham&st=nyt "Richard Graham, Equal Rights Leader, Dies at 86."] "New York Times." October 8, 2007.
* Woo, Elaine. [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2007/09/30/richard_graham_founding_officer_of_now_at_86/ "Richard Graham, founding officer of NOW; at 86,"] "Boston Globe." September 30, 2007.