Boris Efimov

Infobox Person
name = Boris Yefimov


image_size =
caption = Boris Yefimov
birth_date = birth date|1899|9|28 [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/world/europe/05yefimov.html?_r=1&oref=slogin]
birth_place = Kiev, Russian Empire
death_date = death date|2008|10|1
(aged age|1899|9|28|2008|10|1)
death_place = Moscow, Russia
occupation = Political cartoonist and propaganda artist

Boris Yefimovich Yefimov ( _ru. Борис Ефимович Ефимов) (September 28, 1899 [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/world/europe/05yefimov.html?_r=1&oref=slogin] – October 1, 2008) was a Soviet and Russian political cartoonist and propaganda artist best known for his political caricatures of Adolf Hitler and other Nazis produced before and during the Second World War, and was the chief artist of the newspaper "Izvestia". During his 70 year career he produced more than 70,000 drawings.

Early life

He was born in Kiev as Boris Fridlyand (Friedland), the second son of a Jewish shoemaker. Shortly after his birth, his family moved to Białystok, where he grew up alongside his older brother Mikhail (who became the famous journalist Mikhail Koltsov, killed by Stalin in 1940). During the First World War, his family fled the advancing German armies and returned to Kiev, where he pursued legal studies. He began to express his emotions through caricatures of politicians, the first of which were published in 1919 and circulated in the Kievian Red Army.

Career

From 1920 to 1921, Yefimov designed posters and brochures for the communist organisation Agitprop, finally moving to Moscow after his brother, who worked as an editor for Pravda, offered him a job drawing political cartoons. His artistic talent, directed mainly against the "capitalist west", gained him prominence, and his work started appearing in such titles as "Izvestia", "Krokodil" and "Ogonyok", a magazine founded by his brother Mikhail Koltsov (1898–1940). The year 1924 saw the publication of his first book, "Political Cartoons" ( _ru. Политические карикатуры, "Politicheskiye Karikatury"), which included a foreword by Leon Trotsky, a risky move considering Stalin's antipathy. It therefore met with initial disapproval from the publisher, Yuri Steklov, who would later pay with his life for not having Trotsky's words removed. As the 1920s waned, Yefimov managed to avoid Stalin's wrath by portraying Trotsky as a traitor and fascist, despite their friendship.

Following the war, he traveled to the Nuremberg Trials with the task of caricaturizing the Nazi defendants. He was then ordered to poke fun at the Western powers in what was transforming into the Cold War. He went on to become the chief editor at "Agitprop", and cooperated with "Pravda" until the 1980s. He published an autobiography, "Moi Vek", for his centennial, and resided in Moscow.

He received USSR State Prizes in 1950 and 1951 and was named People's Painter of the USSR in 1967.

In a 2005 interview with Russian TV, Yefimov recalled his experiences in Petrograd during the Russian Revolution, admitting that he had changed his real name in order to dissimulate his Jewish origins.

On September 28, 2007, his 107th birthday, he was appointed to a post of the chief artist of the Izvestia newspaper.In 2008, Yefimov was still working, primarily writing memoirs and drawing friendly cartoons. Also, he was active in public life: he acted at whatever possible memorials and anniversary meetings, soirees and actions there were well into his 108th year of life.

He died in Moscow on 1 October, 2008 only three days after his 109th birthday.

Gallery

References

[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/oct/04/russia Guardian obituary]

External links

* [http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/prop/deep/interv/p_int_boris_efimov.htm 1998 Interview for Red Files, a PBS Documentary]
* [http://www.vesti-moscow.ru/video.html?type=r&id=24948 Three days before his death (video at his 109th birthday)]
* [http://www.peoples.ru/art/painter/efimov_b/efimov_200802141110061_middle.jpgPicture at 107]
* [http://pix.lenta.ru/photo/2007/01/29/vera/05.jpgPicture at 106]
* [http://news.ntv.ru/117709/ At his 107th birthday (video 1)]
* [http://beta.tvc.ru/showNews.aspx?top=5&id=b5371b2b-0486-47e2-9f21-c4264eb10ae1 At his 107th birthday (video 2)]
* [http://www.ng.ru/saturday/2005-09-30/21_photoreport.html Photos through his life 1 (1908 - present)]
* [http://www.peoples.ru/art/painter/efimov_b/photo.html Photos through his life 2 (1908 - present)]

Persondata
NAME = Efimov, Boris
ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Fridland, Boris
SHORT DESCRIPTION = Soviet and Russian political and propaganda artist
DATE OF BIRTH = September 28, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH = Kiev, Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH = October 1, 2008
PLACE OF DEATH = Moscow, Russia