History of Partick

This article deals with the history of the Partick area of Glasgow in Scotland.

Welsh Not Gaelic Origins

The place name "Partick" is derived from the Cumbric word for 'thicket'. This etymology reflects the fact that the inhabitants of the Glasgow/Strathclyde region were speakers of this Old Welsh dialect. Gaelic probably only became of predominant in this area with the waning and disappearance of the British Kingdom of Alt Clut/Strathclyde, perhaps in the eleventh century. Th

Dark Ages Royal Centre

There is some evidence that Partick was an important centre for the Kings of Alt Clut/Strathclyde. According to the Cistercian monk and hagiographer of St Kentigern, Jocelin of Furness, King Rhydderch had a residence in 'Pertnech' (Partick). Some archaeologists have deduced that the royal Partick estate was part of a larger elite centre of the kingdom, which included the ecclesiastical establishment just across the River Clyde at Govan [cite web |url=http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba27/ba27feat.html|author= Driscoll, Stephen|title=Kingdom of Strathclyde’s final chapter’ |work= Brtish Archaeology |date=September 1997 |accessdate=2008-09-27] . Partick and Govan may have come to prominence as a political centre following the Vikings' sack of Dumbarton in 870. [Driscoll, Stephen (2002) Alba, The Gaelic Kingdon of Scotland AD 800-1124 p26]

The lands of Partick remained royal property until King David granted them to the Bishops of Glasgow on the cathedral's dedication to Saint Kentigern, along with the lands of Govan. [Macquarrie, Alan (1993) "The Kings of Strathclyde, c.400-1018" Pp.1-19 in Medieval Scotland: Government, Lordship and Community: Studies Presented to G.W.S. Barrow. Edited by A. Grant and K.J. Stringer]

Bishop's Residence

From the time of King David's grant of land to the Bishops of Glasgow, the country residence of the Bishops of Glasgow was situated in Partick. This is supported by by the existence of a deed of 1277 in which Maurice, Lord of Luss made a contract at "Perthec" for the sale of timber to the authortise at Glasgow Cathedral [Greenhorne, William (1928) "History of Partick 550-1912" p10] .

The Bishops' residence is depicted on the former Burgh of Partick's coat of arms as a castle. In 1362, a settlement of a dispute between the Bishop and his chapter house was made at his "manor-house of Perthic" [Napier, James (1873) "Notes And Reminiscences Relating To Partick" p21] . Glasgow's Bishops continued to use their residence in Partick until the reformation in 1560, when Bishop James Beaton II fled to France from there, taking with him the sacred relics from Glasgow Cathedral [Greenhorne, William (1928) "History of Partick 550-1912" p11] .

The Reformation & After

After the reformation in 1560, ownership of the lands returned to the Scottish Crown. From that time on to the nineteenth century, Partick was part of Govan parish and therefore in Renfrewshire. The boundary between Glasgow and Partick was the River Kelvin (but with a small area over the river at Pointhouse also in Partick) [Matheson, Alex (2000) "Glasgow's Other River: Exploring the Kelvin" p194] .

Partick was the main crossing point of the River Kelvin for the road between Glasgow and Dumbarton. From earliest times, the river was crossed by a ford. Later came a wooden bridge for foot passengers. It is commonly thought that the first permanent stone bidge over the river was built by Captain Thomas Crawford of Jordanhill, who was Provost of Glasgow at the start of the seventeenth century.

The buidling known as Partick Castle lay close to Partick's original ford. It was built by the Glasgow benefector, George Hutcheson, and was derelict by the late eighteenth century.

Milling Centre

Partick remained a relatively small village until the early nineteenth century. The steep drop of the River Kelvin between what is now Glasgow's Botanic Gardens and the river's mouth, led to Partick becoming an important centre of milling, especially grain milling. Several mills were built along the stretch of the Kelvin that separates Partick from Glasgow. Before the reformation, the inhabitants of Glasgow used to grind their grain at either the Town Mill of Partick or at a nearby small mill belonging to Glasgow's Archbishop.

By 1820, Partick was a major milling centre, with several located in its vincinity. These included: the Old Mill (on the site of the building now known as the Bishop's Mill), the Slit Mill, the Archbishop's Mill (later Bunhouse/Regent Mill), the Waulk Mill (now Scotstoun Mill) and the Wee Mill. [Allan & Ferguson (18??) "Partick in 1820 (Map)"] Such a concentration of mills resulted in the Clyde Navigation Trust building its colossal granaries at Meadowside in Partick in 1911-1913 (with subsequent extensions in 1936, 1960 and 1967) [Williamson, Elizabeth et al. (1990) "Glasgow" in the "The Buildings of Scotland" series, pp.374-5] . These were demolished in 2004 to make way for the Glasgow Harbour residential development

Of Partick's mills, only Scotstoun Mill is still in operation.

Nineteenth Century Development

During the nineteenth century Partick developed from a small village into a relatively populous centre as a result of the fast pace of industrial development along the River Clyde and improving communications. The table [Greenhorne, William (1928) "History of Partick 550-1912" p154] below summarises the population of the Burgh of Partick during the nineteenth century:

The development of the Clydeside ship building industry, in particular, gave momentum to Partick's rapid expansion. This in turn was made possible by the steady canalisation of the River Clyde between 1773 and 1830's, which deepened and narrowed the river, to make it navigable by large ships. In 1844 Messrs David Tod & John McGregor moved their shipbuilding operation from Govan to Partick. In 1858 a major step for their enterprise, was the opening of a new graving dock at their Meadowside site. Subsequently, several other shipyards opened along the north bank of the Clyde, including one directly across the mouth of the River Kelvin at Pointhouse (in 1845). Further west along the River Clyde, Barclay Curle's shipyard opened in 1855, precipitating the rapid development of the Whiteinch area. This was followed by the opening of Connell's shipyard (1861) and the Yarrow shipyard (1906) both yet further west in Scotstoun.

The transport of people and goods along the north bank of the River Clyde (between residential and industrial areas) was facilitated by the construction of the Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway, which oped in stages between 1894 and 1896.

A Police Burgh

The Police of Towns (Scotland) Act, 1850 (Lock’s Act) made it easier for Police Burghs to be created. Any “populous place” from this time on was able to adopt a police system and become a burgh.

The pressures caused by Partick's very rapid demographic and industrial expansion proved to be too much for the village's mid-nineteenth century infrastructure. In June 1852, at a public meeting, the householders of Partick agreed to constitute themselves into a Police Burgh to remedy a range of common concerns including:

...the defective state of the drainage, the disrepair of the streets and roads, the number and increase of nuisances in the locality, and the inability of the inhabitants to either to compel a proper and efficient system of drainage or to control or abate any nuisance, or to make any sanitary or other regulations for the well being of the community... [Greenhorne, William (1928) "History of Partick 550-1912" pp.137-8]

Twelve householders were elected as Commissioners. From among them, the shipbuilder David Tod was elected Partick's first Provost. According to the contemporary local historian, James Napier, these Commissioners (including himself) acted immediately:

The Commissioners now began to carry out a system of drainage and other sanitary measure with considerable promptitude, and, as the following facts show to great advantage. The first three years after 1854, the average death rate was 34.5 per 1000 of the population; the average of the last three years ("he was writing in 1875"), including 1872, is 21 per 1000 of the population, showing a saving of many hundred of lives to the community. [ Napier, James (1873) "Notes And Reminiscences Relating To Partick" p126]

By 1853, the Commissioners had built a small adminsistrative building for the Burgh in a palazzo style. This eventually became Partick's police building which can still seen in Anderson Street (though Partick'sPolice Station is now in the Thornwood stretch of Dumbarton Road. In 1872, the larger Partick Burgh Halls were built (in a Francois I style) to a design by William Leiper. [Williamson, Elizabeth et al. (1990) "Glasgow" in the "The Buildings of Scotland" series, pp.372]

In 1912, the Burgh of Partick ceased to exist having been incorporated into the ever expanding Glasgow Corporation. A contemporary account relates:

While the Burgh Organist played "Lochaber no More", the Provost's chain of office was removed from his neck, and as his robe was laid aside the Provost said, "There they lie, the abandoned habits of the Provost of Partick, taken from him by Act of Parliament. [Greenhorne, William (1928) "History of Partick 550-1912" pp.155] "

References

See Also

*Partick Castle
*Partick
*Govan