Henry Bohlen

Infobox Military Person
name= Henry Bohlen
born= birth date|1810|10|22
died= death date and age|1862|08|22|1810|10|22
placeofbirth=Bremen, Germany cite web |date=2007 |url = http://stonewall.hut.ru/leaders/bohlen.htm|title = Henry Bohlen|format = HTML |publisher = stonewall.hut.ru| accessdate = 2008-09-28 | last= |quote=]
placeofdeath=Rappahannock River, Virginia, USA during the initial stages of the Northern Virginia Campaign
placeofburial=Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia


caption=Union Brigadier General - Henry Bohlen
nickname=
allegiance=flagicon|United States United States of America
branch=United States Army
serviceyears=1846 - 1862
rank=Brigadier General
commands=
unit=
battles=Mexican-American War
Crimean War
American Civil War
awards=
relations=
laterwork=

Henry Bohlen (October 22, 1810 – August 22, 1862) was an American Civil War Union Brigadier General.cite web |url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?GRid=21662&page=gr |title=Henry Bohlen |accessdate=2008-09-26 |publisher=Find A Grave] He was the first foreign-born Union general in the Civil War.Smith (2005), p. 56 - cite book |title=The Gallant Dead: Union and Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War |last=Smith |first=Derek |year=2005 |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=0811701328 ]

Biography

Bohlen was born in Bremen, Germany on October 22, 1810, while his parents were traveling in Europe for pleasure. His father was a naturalized citizen of the United States and domiciled in Philadelphia. When Bohlen was very young, his father placed him in one of the first military colleges in Germany. However, he was called to the U.S. before he had completed his studies. He did not return to Germany to complete his studies. After immigrating to the United States, Bohlen became a rich dealer of foreign wines and liquor.

Mexican-American War

When war with Mexico broke out he accepted a position on the staff of his friend and companion, General Worth, as a volunteer Aide-de-camp. During the war he participated in all the battles under Major-General Scott. When the war ended he resigned his commision and returned to selling liquor in Philadelphia.

Crimean War

Due to the health of his son he traveled to Europe. Present when the Crimean War broke out he entered the service of the allies, on the French staff. During the war he took part in the siege, storming and the final surrender of Sevastopol. After the war ended he lived in Holland until he heard word of the firing on and surrender of Fort Sumter.

American Civil War

In 1861 he was granted permission to recruit a regiment in Philadelphia, which was made up of mostly German emigrants at the out break of the American Civil War. He played a key role in organizing the 75th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and he was named its Colonel and commander on September 30, 1861.Hunt (2007), p. 14 - cite book |title=Colonels in Blue: Union Army Colonels of the Civil War |last=Hunt |first=Roger D. |year=2007 |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=0811702537 ] He served in the division of Louis Blenker.

Bohlen was appointed Brigadier General, US Volunteers on April 28, 1862. He commanded the 3rd Brigade of Carl Schurz's Division in the 1862 Valley Campaign against Stonewall Jackson. His brigade covered the retreat of the Union forces at the Battle of Cross Keys and also participated in the Battle of Cedar Mountain.

While conducting reconnaissance on the Rappahannock River during the initial stages of the Northern Virginia Campaign, Bohlen was killed when his force was attempting to recross the river.

On August 26, 1862, "The New York Times" reprinted an article from "The Philadelphia Press" about the death of Bohlen:

And the army was safely accross the Rappahannock, still nearest the enemy, Bohlen's brigade was fighting continually, and unfortunately for the country and its cause... Bohlen was observed by a rebel sharpshooter, while riding accross the field, directing the movements of his troops, and shot through the head. [Smith (2005), p. 57 - cite book |title=The Gallant Dead: Union and Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War |last=Smith |first=Derek |year=2005 |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=0811701328 ]

There were rumors that Bohlen was killed by one of his own men, but, evidence suggests that he was liked by his troops and that he died from enemy fire.Smith (2005), p. 58 - cite book |title=The Gallant Dead: Union and Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War |last=Smith |first=Derek |year=2005 |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=0811701328 ]

Bohlen was buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.

Family

The Bohlen family tree includes his grandson Nazi industrialist, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, and his great-nephew Charles Bohlen a United States diplomat from 1929 to 1969 and Soviet expert.

References

Further Reading

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