Bahá'í Faith in Tonga

The Bahá'í Faith in Tonga started after being set as a goal to introduce the religion in 1953,Citation
first = Graham
last = Hassall
editor-last = H. Rubinstein
editor-first = Donald
contribution = Pacific Baha'i Communities 1950-1964
contribution-url = http://bahai-library.com/file.php5?file=hassall_bahai_pacific&language=All
title = Pacific History: Papers from the 8th Pacific History Association Conference
year = 1992
pages = pp.73-95
place =
publisher = University of Guam Press & Micronesian Area Research Center, Guam
url =
doi =
id = ] and Bahá'ís arrived in 1954.Citation
last = Tuitahi
first = Sione
last2 = Bolouri
first2 = Sohrab
title = Tongan Baha'is parade to the palace
newspaper = Bahá'í World News Service
date = 2004-01-28
url = http://www.bahaiworldnews.org/story/286 ] With conversions and pioneers the first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly was elected in 1958.Citation
last = Hassall
first = Graham
author-link =
title = Baha'i Faith in the Asia Pacific Issues and Prospects
periodical = Bahá'í Studies Review
volume=6
pages = pp. 1-10
year = 1996
url = http://bahai-library.com/file.php5?file=hassall_bahai_asia-pacific_issues&language= ] From 1959 the Bahá'ís of Tonga and their local institutions were members of a Regional Spiritual Assembly of the South Pacific. By 1963 there were five local assemblies.cite web | url = http://bahai-library.com/index.php5?file=handscause_statistics_1953-63&chapter=1#19 | title = The Bahá'í Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Bahá'í Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963| author = Compiled by Hands of the Cause Residing in the Holy Land | pages = pp. 19-20, 52] Less than forty years later, in 1996, the Bahá'ís of Tonga established their paramount Bahá'í school in the form of the Ocean of Light International School. [Citation
last = Bahá'í International Community
first =
author-link = Bahá'í International Community
title = Ocean of Light School celebrates 10th anniversary
newspaper = Bahá'í World News Service
date = 2006-07-17
url = http://news.bahai.org/story/461 ] Around 2004 there were 29 local spiritual assemblies and about 5% of the national population were members of the Bahá'í Faith though the Tonga Broadcasting Commission maintained a policy that does not allow discussions by members of the Baha'i Faith of its founder, Bahá'u'lláh on its radio broadcasts.cite web | url = http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71356.htm | title = International Religious Freedom Report - Tonga | year = 2006 | date = 2006-09-15 | accessdate = 2008-09-15 | author = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor | publisher = United States State Department]

Early days

In 1953 the twelve existing Bahá'í National Spiritual Assemblies were asked by Shoghi Effendi, then head of the religion, to help spread the religion. The community of the United States was to attempt to bring the religion to Tonga. In Tongo, the Bahá'í community grew much like it did in other Pacific communities — first the community emerged through the acts of both pioneers and converts and then grew by spreading through family and tribal groups or clan-structures.

Australian Stanley P. Bolton was the first Bahá'í to arrive in Tonga — he arrived on 25 January 1954. American Dudley M. Blakely, nephew of Lua Getsinger, and wife Elsa also pioneered to Tonga on 12 July 1954. Each earned the title Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for their service to the religion. Blakely was a designer and worked as an adviser to the Tongan government contributing to a number of buildings and furnishings as well as stamps and coins for the government. In 1961 he had designed a five-stamp special issue set commemorating mail deliveries to the islands changing from the era of the fishing boat to airmail. In 1962 he designed a set of the first gold coins in Polynesia. He designed Tonga's first decimal coin set in 1965.Citation
authors = Universal House of Justice
title = In Memorium
journal = The Bahá'í World of the Bahá'í Era 136-140 (1979-1983)
volume = XVIII
publisher = Bahá'í World Centre
pages = pp. 686-7, 757, 793-4, 809-11
year = 1986
url = http://bahai-library.com/books/bw18/666-693.html
isbn = 0853982341]

By 1956 there were indigenous Bahá'í converts on the islands; three individuals who converted to the religion were prominent in Tongan society: Mosese Hokafonu, Lisiata Mak, and Suliana Halaholo. Mosese Hokafonu, who lived on the island of Tongatapu, converted to the Bahá'í Faith in the early 1950s. For many years Hokafonu served on the Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly of Nuku'alofa and donated a significant portion of the land for the site of the national Bahá'í Center. Hokafonu joined Gina and Russell Garcia on board their boat "the Dawnbreaker" for an extensive trip which took them through the islands of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa. Hokafonu was the first Pacific Islander to undertake missionary trips of long duration — including Kiribati and Tuvalu; Niue; the Solomon Islands; New Guinea; the Marshall, Mariana and Caroline Islands; Nauru; Australia and New Zealand (especially among the Maoris), Hawaii, Alaska and the continental United States. Baron Vaea, a Tongan noble and former Prime Minister, a relative of Hokafonu, conducted the funeral service which was attended by many hundreds of people.

Lisiata Maka, a legal adviser in Tonga's lower and supreme courts, became a Bahá'í in 1957 and was elected to the Regional National Assembly, and was later appointed to the Continental Board of Counsellors. Suliana Halaholo was born in Tonga in 1950 and began attending a Bahá'í school's children's classes at the age of eight. Soon she was teaching classes and began being involved in administrative activities while she was still a youth. She was secretary of the youth committee of Tonga, and later of Fiji, and thanks to her academic achievements the government of Tonga gave her a scholarship to study dietetics at the University of the South Pacific in Suva, Fiji, where she obtained her Bachelor's degree. Halalholo devoted two of her vacations from schooling to translating into the Tongan language "The Seven Valleys" (one of Bahá'u'lláh's metaphysical works), and later the Tablet Words of Wisdom. Both translations were approved by the National Spiritual Assembly of Tonga.

Growth

The first Local Spiritual Assembly of Tonga was of Nuku'alofa in 1958., and by 1963 there were Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assemblies in Houma, Kolonga, Mu'a, Nuku'alofa, Vaini, and smaller Bahá'í groups in Folaha, Tokomolo, Vaotu'u and isolated Bahá'ís in Felemea and several villages on the island of Haʻapai - Kotu', Lotofoa, Na'ufanga, Nomuka and Ohonua Eua.

Tonga developed international administrative relationships in tandem with it's internal growth. Mr. Latu Tu 'Akihekolo represented Tongan Bahá'ís to an Bahá'í International Conference in Japan in 1958. [cite book
last = R. Sims
first = Barbara
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = Traces that Remain: A Pictorial History of the Early Days of the Bahá'í Faith Among the Japanese
publisher = Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Japan
year = 1989
location =
pages = p. 215
url = http://bahai-library.com/east-asia/traces/68-77.html
doi =
id =
isbn = ] Tonga was allocated delegates for the election of the regional Spiritual Assembly of the South Pacific from 1959 to 1963. Eventually Tonga and the Cook Islands alone shared a regional National Assembly starting in 1970 and the Cook Islands Bahá'í community formed their own National Assembly in 1985.cite web | authorlink = Graham Hassall| last = Hassall | first = Graham | coauthors = Universal House of Justice | title = National Spiritual Assemblies statistics 1923-1999 | work = Assorted Resource Tools | publisher = Bahá'í Academics Resource Library | url = http://bahai-library.org/asia-pacific/Notes%20on%20Research/national_spiritual_assemblies.htm | accessdate = 2008-09-15 ]

Bahá'í pioneers continued to make their presence felt in Tonga whether their stay was short or long. Margaret Rowling was almost constantly traveling to Samoa, Tonga, Tahiti, New Caledonia, Noumea and the Cook Islands between 1956 and 1975. During 1974-79 Australian pioneers embarked to many of the Pacific islands including Tongo. [cite web
last = Hassall
first = Graham
authorlink = Graham Hassall
title = The Bahá’í Faith in Australia
work = Asia Pacific Bahá'í Studies
publisher = Bahá'í Academics Library Online
date = 2001
url = http://www.bahai-library.com/asia-pacific/australia.htm
format =
doi =
accessdate = 2008-09-15 ] Tongan Bahá'ís have also traveled to other lands; in addition to the travelers and travels mentioned above there have also been two exchange students from Tonga attended the Daystar International School, the first development project of the National Spiritual Assembly of Japan. [Citation
first = Graham
last = Hassall
author-link = Graham Hassall
first2 = Barnes
last2 = William
contribution = Bahá'í Communities in the Asia-Pacific: Performing Common Theology and Cultural Diversity on a ‘Spiritual Axis’
contribution-url = http://www.bahai-library.com/asia-pacific/bah.htm
title = Association for Bahá'í Studies Australia and New Zealand Conference, Auckland
date = 2998-07-12
publisher = Association for Bahá'í Studies Australia and New Zealand
url =
doi =
id = ]

In 2004, during the golden jubilee of the Bahá'í community of Tonga, there were 29 local spiritual assemblies and the community has had visits over the years from prominent Baha'is — Hands of the Cause Collis Featherstone, Abu'l-Qasim Faizi, Rahmatu'lláh Muhájir, Enoch Olinga, Rúhíyyih Khanum, and John Robarts, and a member of the Universal House of Justice, Hugh Chance.

Celebrations held for the golden anniversary of the Bahá'í Faith in Tonga included the attendance of then Crown Prince Tupouto'a, Native American artist Kevin Locke as well as choirs, dance troops, tribal story tellers and hundreds of participants. The brother of then Crown Prince Topouto'a, the Honoroble Ma'atu, passed away on 17 February 2004 after suffering a heart attack. Representatives of the Bahá'í community accepted an invitation to offer prayers at the memorial service held on 24 February and was survived by his wife Alaileula, the granddaughter of the late Malietoa Tanumafili II, former Head of State of Samoa, also a member of the Bahá'í Faith. [Citation
last = Bahá'í International Community
first =
author-link = Bahá'í International Community
title = Prince praises school at opening of new buildings
newspaper = Bahá'í World News Service
date = 2003-01-25
url = http://www.bahaiworldnews.org/story/195 ]

Opposition in Tonga

While the Bahá'í community has grown in the country, there has also been opposition. In 1973, the Wesleyan Church of Niua Toputapu published an anti-Bahá'í polemic "The Baha'i Faith Answered by Christianity".cite web | last = MacEoin | first = Denis | coauthors = William Collins | title = Anti-Baha'i Polemics | work = The Babi and Baha'i Religions: An Annotated Bibliography | publisher = Greenwood Press's ongoing series of Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies | url = http://bahai-library.com/books/biblio/antibahai.polemic.html | accessdate = 2008-04-12|pages = entries #773 ]

Furthermore, even as late as 2008 the Tonga Broadcasting Commission (TBC) maintains policy guidelines regarding the broadcast of religious programming on Radio Tonga. The TBC guidelines state that in view of "the character of the listening public" those who preach on Radio Tonga must confine their preaching "within the limits of the mainstream Christian tradition." Due to this policy, the TBC does not allow discussions by members of the Bahá'í Faith of its founder, Bahá'u'lláh, by name, or of the tenets of their religions. Members of the Bahá'í Faith utilize a privately owned radio station for program activities and the announcement of functions.

Demographics

In 1983, Bahá'ís constituted 3.9% of the national population and by 1987 the number of Bahá'ís was at 6.3%. Through 2000-2006 estimates ranged between nearly 5% or 6.09%. [Sources: Year 2000 Estimated Baha'i statistics from: David Barrett, World Christian Encyclopedia, 2000; Total population statistics, mid-2000 from Population Reference Bureau [http://www.prb.org] and "The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004".] In 2007 Encyclopedia Encarta estimated the Bahá'í community constituted 7% of the national population, (about 8100 individuals) — more than twice the size of the the remaining religious groups in Tonga. [cite encyclopedia
title = Tonga Facts and Figures
encyclopedia = Encarta
volume = Online
pages =
publisher = Microsoft
year = 2008
id =
url = http://encarta.msn.com/fact_631504878/tonga_facts_and_figures.html
accessdate = 2008-09-15]

Multiplying involvements

The Bahá'í community has organized various different institutions and events in the country. The Ocean of Light International School is a private internationalist Bahá'í school directly administered by a non-profit Board of Education nominated by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Tonga. The school is known as a Bahá'í school and is striving to incorporate Bahá'í ideals, principles and concepts into the curriculum and organization of the school. The school is located in Kolomotu’a / Hofoa - about 3 kilometers from the centre of NukuOkinaalofa. It offers classes from kindergarten (3 years old) to high school diploma using Cambridge International Examinations including the International General Certificate of Secondary Education. There are Bahá'í youth performing periods of service at the school. [Citation
last = Stevenson
first = Sara
title = Teaching Tonga
date =
year = 2006
url = http://www.theheyday.com/featured_article.php?page_get=345
accessdate = 2008-09-15 ] Furthermore, Nancy Watters, a consultant promoting virtue oriented programs especially for schools toured Tonga in 2002. See also The Virtues Project. [Citation
last = Watters
first = Nancy
title = South Pacific Tour 2002
year = 2002
url = http://www.nancywatters.com/virtuesconsulting/funtimes.html
accessdate = 2008-09-15 ]

In October 2007, ‘Ilifeleti Tovo of Kolomotu’a was elected President of the University of the South Pacific Students Association (USPSA) despite not being affiliated with a political party. The Bahá'í Faith does not condone party affiliations and Tovo resigned his party affiliation "...because I did not want to break my religious rules and ethics". [Citation
last = Tonga-Now
first =
author-link =
title = THS Class of 1984-1989
date = 2007-11-13
url = http://www.bebo.com/Profile.jsp?MemberId=4377734268
accessdate = 2008-09-15 ] [Citation
last = Tonga-Now
first =
title = Tongan Elected USP Student Association President
date = November 2007
url = http://bahaisonline.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1423&Itemid=2
accessdate = 2008-09-15 ] In 2008, Tovo strongly criticized the salary range of University officers and was censured [Citation
last = Fiji Sun Online
first =
title = 'Ilifeleti Tovo fined, gagged
newspaper = USPSA Announcements
year =
date = 2008-04-23
url = http://www.uspsa.ac.fj/news.aspx ] but salaries were adjusted downward by 45-65%. [Citation
last =
first =
title = USPSA silent on pay cut
newspaper = Sun (Fiji) News
date = 2008-07-19
url = http://www.fijisun.com.fj/main_page/view.asp?id=2859 ] .

There also exists the "1844" Rock band composed of Tongan Bahá'ís whose style is religious rock. [Citation
last = Ka’ili
first = ‘Anapesi
title = PT Exclusive Interview with Band 1844
year = 2005
url = http://www.planet-tonga.com/entertainment/1844_Interview/1844_Interview.shtml
accessdate = 2008-09-15 ]

ee also

*History of Tonga
*Religion in Tonga
*Bahá'í Faith in Samoa

References

*Blanks, D. (1997). "The Angel of Ha'apai." Herald of the South 47: 8-9. (Story of Ona Koppe, Tonga)
*Maureen Sier received her masters degree in cultural history from Aberdeen University in Scotland, which involved fieldwork exploring the impact of the Bahá'ís of Samoa and Tonga on local culture.
*Tu'itahi, Sione H. "'Women's Status Cited by Baha'i in Tonga Meet'." Pacific Magazine (Dec. 1985).

External Links