Pandorea pandorana

Taxobox
name = "Pandorea pandorana"

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image_caption =
image_width = 240px
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Lamiales
familia = Bignoniaceae
genus = "Pandorea"
species = "P. pandorana"
binomial = "Pandorea pandorana"
binomial_authority = (Andrews) Steenis
synonyms = "Tecoma australis" R.Br.

"Pandorea pandorana", commonly known as the Wonga Wonga Vine, is a species of woody climbing vine in the family Bignoniaceae. It is found across Australia, New Guinea, and the eastern Indonesian islands of Seram and Lombok. It forms large pointed pods filled with papery seeds. It is easy to germinate, having two-lobed dicotyledons. It is a popular garden plant, common cultivars include the yellow-flowered "P." "Golden Showers", the white-flowered "P." "Snowbells", and the pinkish "P." "Ruby Belle". The wood was used as in making spears for woomeras in the Central and Western deserts.

Taxonomy

The species was first described by English botanist Henry Charles Andrews in 1800 as "Bignonia pandorana", before being given its current binomial name in 1928 by Steenis in 1928. Both the generic and specific name are derived from Greek mythological figure Pandora.cite book |author=Eliot RW, Jones DL, Blake T |title=Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation:Volume 7 - N-Po|year=1997|pages=p. 160-61|publisher=Lothian Press |location=Port Melbourne |isbn=0-85091-634-8] The Scottish botanist Robert Brown had described it as "Tecoma australis" but this name was ruled invalid. A form found in dryer inland regions was previously known as "P. doratoxylon".

The subspecies "austrocaledonica", known locally as Boat Vine, is known from New Caledonia, Vanauatu and Lord Howe Island. [ [http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=5874] ]

Description

"Pandorea pandorana" ranges in habit from a scrambling plant to a vigorous vine, growing on larger trees in forested habitats. It has glossy green leaves arranged oppositely along the stem. The pinnate leaves are around 8-16 cm (3-6.5 in) long and have 3-9 leaflets of varying widths. The juvenile leaves are finer and have serrated margins, and more finely divided into 7-13 leaflets. Flowering occurs in spring. The tubular or funnel-shaped flowers are highly variable in colour, ranging from cream-white or all-white to maroon-throated, burgundy or even yellow-orange. Flowering is followed in summer by 3-8 cm (1.4-3.4 in) long and 1-2 cm (0.4-0.8 in) wide oblong-shaped seed pods, which are initially bright green before turning brown and releasing numerous papery seeds around 1-1.5 cm (0.5 in) in diameter which are released in large quantities.

Distribution and habitat

A highly variable species, it is found across continental Australia in every state. It is also found in New Guinea, and on the Indonesian islands of Seram and Lombok. It is also found on Flinders Island in Bass Strait, but not in Tasmania. There is some evidence of naturalisation in New Zealand where it has been grown as a garden plant. [ [http://www.ebop.govt.nz/weeds/Weed225.asp] ]

It occurs in many habitats, from rainforest, to dry sclerophyll forest, to dry scrub and rocky outcrops in arid regions. It can grow in either clay or sand-based soils.

Uses

The highly flexible wood of "Pandorea pandorana" was the most sought-after for use in woomera-cast spears among the people of the Central and Western Deserts. Its versatility allowed short pieces to be spliced together if longer ones could not be found. [cite journal |author=Cleland JB, Tindale NB |year=1959|title=The native names and uses of plants at Haasts Bluff, Central Australia |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia |volume=82 |pages=123-40] Due to its cultural sgnificance, a group of mythological women with slender and flexible bodies were named after it. [cite book |author=Strehlow TGH |year=1971|title=Songs of Central Australia|publisher = Angus and Robertson|location=Sydney|pages=p. 469]

Cultivation

"Pandorea pandorana" was taken to England in 1793, and had flowered in cultivation by 1805. Material was also sent to the garden of the Château de Malmaison under the auspices of Joséphine de Beauharnais. [ [http://www.jill-hamilton.com/pdf/napoleon-the-empress-and-the-artist.pdf] ] Its floral display makes it a popular and widely grown garden plant. It is an evergreen, half-hardy (hardy to about minus 5°C once established), twining plant with lovely foliage, particularly so on young plants when it is very finely cut and somewhat fern-like. It is suitable for indoor or outdoor planting. Pruning is necessary to control the quick growing plant, which can overwhelm other plants in a small garden. The plant prefers full-sun to partial shade. It has been argued that the more sun it receives, the more flowers will bloom as a result. The species may be propagated by fresh seed or semi hard wood tip cuttings.

The Nursery and Garden Industry in Australia promoted "P. pandorana" as a native alternative to the invasive garden climber Black-eyed Susan ("Thunbergia alata"). [cite journal |url=http://www.ngia.com.au/publication_resources/NP_Pdf/NP_2001-12.pdf |title=Discovering Alternatives to garden Escapees |accessdate=2008-09-21 |journal=The Nursery Papers|issue=12 |publisher=Nursery and Garden Industry (NGIA) |date=2001 |issn=1326-1495]

Cultivars

Several different coloured varieties have become available in Australia and the United States.

*"P." "Golden Showers" is a long-flowering vigorous form with brown-tinted yellow flowers originally selected from a plant growing near Kempsey on the New South Wales mid-north coast. [cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp13/pandorea-pandorana.html |title=Growing Native Plants: "Pandorea" 'Golden Showers' |accessdate=2008-09-21 |author=Butler, Geoff |date=1986 |work=Australian National Botanic Gardens Website |publisher=ANBG] Initially called "Golden Rain", it was registered by ACRA after 1986. [cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/acra/descriptions/acc381.html |title=Pandorea 'Golden Showers' |accessdate=2008-09-21 |work=ACRA website |publisher=Australian Cultivar Registration Authority |date=2007]

*"P." "Ruby Belle" has a red-pink flower with cream throat

*"P." "Ruby Heart" has a cream-coloured flower with a deep ruby–maroon blotch at the throat.

*"P." "Snowbells", also known as "P." "alba", is a vigorous cream-white flowered form, with profuse fragrant flowers.

References

External links

*APNI | name = Pandorea pandorana | id = 37117