Richard Wright (musician)

Infobox musical artist |
Name = Richard Wright

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Img_capt = Wright performing in 2006
Img_size =
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Background = solo_singer
Birth_name = Richard William Wright
Alias = Rick Wright
Born = birth date|df=yes|1943|7|28
Hatch End, Middlesex, England
Died = death date and age|df=yes|2008|9|15|1943|7|28
Instrument = Keyboards, Organ, Piano, Synthesizer, Trombone, Vocals, Guitar, Fiddle, Harpsicord, Saxophone, Cello, Mellotron, Farfisa, Vibraphone
Genre = Progressive rock, psychedelic rock, experimental
Occupation = Musician, songwriter
Years_active = 1964–2008
Label = Capitol, Columbia, EMI, Harvest
Associated_acts = Pink Floyd, Zee, David Gilmour, The Screaming Abdabs (Sigma 6)
Notable_instruments =

Richard William "Rick" Wright (28 July 1943 – 15 September 2008) was a pianist and keyboardist best known for his career with Pink Floyd.cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:fpfpxql5ldae~T1|title=Biography|publisher=Allmusic |last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=2008-09-16] Wright's richly textured keyboard layers were a vital ingredient and a distinctive characteristic of Pink Floyd's sound. In addition, Wright frequently sang background and occasionally lead vocals onstage and in the studio with Pink Floyd (most notably on the songs "Time", "Echoes", and on the Syd Barrett composition "Astronomy Domine").

Though not as prolific a songwriter as his bandmates Roger Waters and David Gilmour, he wrote significant parts of the music for classic albums such as "Meddle", "The Dark Side of the Moon" and "Wish You Were Here", as well as for Pink Floyd's final studio album "The Division Bell".

Biography

Early life and career

Wright, whose father was head biochemist at Unigate Dairies, grew up in Hatch End, North London and was educated at the Haberdashers' Aske's School and the Regent Street Polytechnic College of Architecture. There he met fellow band members Roger Waters and Nick Mason, was a founding member of The Pink Floyd Sound (as they were then called) in 1965, and also participated in its previous incarnations, Sigma 6 and The (Screaming) Abdabs.

In the early days of Pink Floyd, Wright was a prominent musical force in the group (although not as much as Syd Barrett, the band’s chief songwriter and front man at the time) and he wrote and sang several songs of his own during 1967–1968. While not credited as a singer on "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn", he sang lead on Barrett-penned songs like "Astronomy Domine" and "Matilda Mother", as well as notable harmonies on "Scarecrow" and "Chapter 24". Examples of his early compositions include "Remember a Day", "See-Saw", "Paint Box" and "It Would Be So Nice". As the sound and the goals of the band evolved, Wright became less interested in songwriting and focused primarily on contributing his distinctive style to extended instrumental compositions such as "Interstellar Overdrive", "A Saucerful of Secrets", "Careful with That Axe, Eugene", "One Of These Days" and to musical themes for film scores ("More", "Zabriskie Point" and "Obscured by Clouds"). He also made essential contributions to Pink Floyd's long, epic compositions such as "Atom Heart Mother", "Echoes" (on which he sang lead vocals) and "Shine On You Crazy Diamond". His most commercially popular compositions are "The Great Gig in the Sky" and "Us and Them" from 1973's "The Dark Side of the Moon". He also contributed significantly to other mid-period Floyd classics like "Breathe" and "Time", singing lead vocals on alternate verses of the latter with David Gilmour.

Wright recorded his first solo project, "Wet Dream", and released it in September 1978 with minimal commercial success. Battling both personal problems and an increasingly rocky relationship with Roger Waters, he was forced to resign from Pink Floyd during "The Wall" sessions by Waters, who threatened to pull the plug on the album's tapes if Wright did not leave the band. However, he was retained as a salaried session musician during the subsequent live concerts to promote that album in 1980 and 1981. Ironically, Wright became the only member of Pink Floyd to profit from those hugely spectacular shows, since the net financial loss had to be borne by the three remaining "full-time" members. He was the only member of the band not to attend the 1982 premiere of the film version of "The Wall". In 1983, Pink Floyd released the only album on which Wright does not appear with "The Final Cut".

Later life and career

During 1984, Wright formed a new musical duo with Dave Harris (from the band Fashion) called Zee. They signed a record deal with Atlantic Records and released only one album, "Identity", which was a commercial and critical flop. Wright rejoined Pink Floyd following Waters' departure. Because of legal and contractual issues from his "hired gun" status during "The Wall" world tour, Wright's photo was not included in the 1987 album "A Momentary Lapse of Reason" and his name was listed in smaller letters than Mason and Gilmour. By the time of the "Momentary Lapse" world tour and the 1988 live album "The Delicate Sound of Thunder", Wright was contractually a member of Pink Floyd once again. In 1994, he co-wrote five songs and sang lead vocals on one song ("Wearing the Inside Out") for the next Pink Floyd album, "The Division Bell". This recording provided material for the double live album and video release "P*U*L*S*E" in 1995. Wright, like Nick Mason, performed on every Pink Floyd tour.

In 1996, inspired by his successful input into "The Division Bell", Wright released his second solo album, "Broken China", including contributions from Sinéad O'Connor on vocals, Pino Palladino on bass, Manu Katché on drums, Dominic Miller (known from his guitar work with Sting) and Tim Renwick, another Pink Floyd associate, on electric guitar. "Broken China" was consideredWho|date=September 2008 to be a more focused and artistically successful work than "Wet Dream" and marked a new phase in Richard Wright's "modus operandi", with extensive use of computer-based recording and production techniques, assisted by Anthony Moore with whom he co-wrote the album's lyrics"Broken China" sleeve credits] .

On 2 July 2005, Wright, Gilmour, Mason were joined by Waters on stage for the first time since the "Wall" concerts for a short set at the Live 8 concert in London. Wright underwent eye surgery for cataracts in November 2005, preventing him from attending Pink Floyd's induction into the UK Music Hall of Fame. Roger Waters, who was also unable to attend the band's induction due to rehearsals for the opening of his opera "Ça Ira" in Rome, appeared in video link and stated, tongue-in-cheek:

Wright contributed keyboards and background vocals to David Gilmour's most recent solo album, "On an Island", and performed with Gilmour's touring band for over two dozen shows in Europe and North America in 2006 . On stage with Gilmour he performed piano, electric piano and synth leads with his Kurzweil K2600 workstation, Hammond organ and even his long-inactive Farfisa organ, which was resurrected especially for performing "Echoes" and a couple of Pink Floyd's and Syd Barrett's older numbers that Gilmour chose to revisit in his recent concerts. He also provided backing vocals and lead vocals (notably on "Echoes", "Time", "Comfortably Numb", "Wearing the Inside Out" "Astronomy Domine" and "Arnold Layne" - the latter released as a live single). He declined an offer to join Roger Waters and Nick Mason on Waters' "The Dark Side of the Moon Live" tour in order to spend more time working on a solo project.Fact|date=September 2008

On 4 July 2006, Wright joined Gilmour and Mason for the official screening of the "P•U•L•S•E DVD". Inevitably, Live 8 surfaced as a subject in an interview. When asked about performing again, Wright replied he would be happy on stage anywhere. He explained that his plan is to "meander" along and said about playing live:

Personal life

He married his first wife, Juliette Gale, in 1964. They had two children, Jamie and Gala, and divorced in 1982. He married his second wife Franka in 1984. They divorced in 1994. Wright married his third wife Mildred "Millie" Hobbes (to whom he dedicated his second solo album "Broken China") in 1996. Their only child is named Ben. In 1996 Wright's daughter Gala married Guy Pratt, a session musician who has played bass for Pink Floyd since Roger Waters' exitcite book
last = Pratt
first = Guy
authorlink = Guy Pratt
coauthors =
title = My Bass And Other Animals
publisher = Orion Books
date = 2007
location = London
pages =
url =
doi =
isbn = 9780752876313
id = ] .In his latter years Wright lived in France and spent time on a yacht he owned in the Virgin Islands [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7617583.stm BBC Obituary] ] .

Death

Wright died of an undisclosed form of cancer in his home in Britain on 15 September 2008 at age 65. cite news |title=Floyd founder Wright dies at 65 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7617363.stm |work=BBC News Website |publisher=BBC |date=2008-09-15 |accessdate=2008-09-15 ] cite news |url = http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5goXIvltXKGWx6JNIo-5rDbZHVI6gD9379V0O1 | work = Associated Press | date = 15 September 2008 | accessdate = 2008-09-15 | title = Pink Floyd member Richard Wright dies age 65 | last = Selva | first = Meera] At the time of his death, he had been working on a new solo album, which was thought to comprise a series of instrumental pieces. [ [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/sep/16/pinkfloyd.popandrock1 Obituary: Richard Wright] - The Guardian, 16/09/2008.]

Tributes

Bandmate David Gilmour said:

No one can replace Richard Wright. He was my musical partner and my friend. In the welter of arguments about who or what was Pink Floyd, Rick's enormous input was frequently forgotten. He was gentle, unassuming and private but his soulful voice and playing were vital, magical components of our most recognised Pink Floyd sound. I have never played with anyone quite like him. The blend of his and my voices and our musical telepathy reached their first major flowering in 1971 on 'Echoes'. In my view all the greatest PF moments are the ones where he is in full flow. After all, without 'Us and Them' and 'The Great Gig In The Sky', both of which he wrote, what would 'The Dark Side Of The Moon' have been? Without his quiet touch the Album 'Wish You Were Here' would not quite have worked. In our middle years, for many reasons he lost his way for a while, but in the early Nineties, with 'The Division Bell', his vitality, spark and humour returned to him and then the audience reaction to his appearances on my tour in 2006 was hugely uplifting and it's a mark of his modesty that those standing ovations came as a huge surprise to him, (though not to the rest of us). Like Rick, I don't find it easy to express my feelings in words, but I loved him and will miss him enormously. [http://www.davidgilmour.com/, 15 September 2008]

Former bandmate Roger Waters' website was replaced with a photograph of an array of candles and poppies against a black background; one of the screen images used for the song "Wish You Were Here" in his "Dark Side of the Moon Live" Tour. [ [http://www.roger-waters.com/2008/wish2_2.jpgRoger Waters' official homepage] , 16 September 2008]

Waters issued a statement:

I was very sad to hear of Rick's premature death, I knew he had been ill, but the end came suddenly and shockingly. My thoughts are with his family, particularly [his children] Jamie and Gala and their mum Juliet, who I knew very well in the old days, and always liked very much and greatly admired. As for the man and his work, it is hard to overstate the importance of his musical voice in the Pink Floyd of the '60s and '70s. The intriguing, jazz influenced, modulations and voicings so familiar in 'Us and Them' and 'Great Gig in the Sky,' which lent those compositions both their extraordinary humanity and their majesty, are omnipresent in all the collaborative work the four of us did in those times. Rick's ear for harmonic progression was our bedrock. I am very grateful for the opportunity that Live 8 afforded me to engage with him and David [Gilmour] and Nick [Mason] that one last time. I wish there had been more. [http://www.96kzel.com/newsstory.php?id=1622&type=musicnews (accessed 19 September 2008)]

Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason told Entertainment Weekly:

Like any band, you can never quite quantify who does what. But Pink Floyd wouldn’t have been Pink Floyd if [we] hadn’t had Rick. I think there’s a feeling now -- particularly after all the warfare that went on with Roger and David trying to make clear what their contribution was -- that perhaps Rick rather got pushed into the background. Because the sound of Pink Floyd is more than the guitar, bass, and drum thing. Rick was the sound that knitted it all together... He was by far the quietest of the band, right from day one. And, I think, probably harder to get to know than the rest of us... It's almost that George Harrison thing. You sort of forget that they did a lot more than perhaps they’re given credit for. [http://popwatch.ew.com/popwatch/2008/09/pink-floyds-nic.html, 18 September 2008]

On 23 September 2008, David Gilmour performed "Remember a Day", a Wright composition from Pink Floyd's second album, "A Saucerful of Secrets" (1968), on a live broadcast of Later... with Jools Holland on BBC Two as a tribute to Wright. In an interview later on in the show, Gilmour had said that Wright had intended to perform with him that day, but had sent Gilmour an SMS message couple of weeks before his death to advise him that he would not be well enough to attend. This was the first live performance of the song by any member of the band.

Influence

Wright's style fused jazz and neoclassical influences, which complemented the simple harmonic structures of the more blues and folk-based songs of Roger Waters and David Gilmour. As a keyboardist, he was more interested in complementing each piece with organ or synthesizer layers and tasteful piano or electric piano passages. Unlike his contemporaries Rick Wakeman, Tony Banks or Keith Emerson, he opted for solo playing only occasionally, notably in "Atom Heart Mother", "Echoes", "Any Colour You Like", "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" Parts 1–5 and 6–9, "Welcome to the Machine", "Dogs", "Run Like Hell" and "Keep Talking". Also notable is the first solo in Syd Barrett's "Love Song". Wright was known for his ghostly atmospheric textures such as the Leslie piano arpeggios at the beginning of "Echoes", the echoed Farfisa Organ in the live versions of "Careful with That Axe, Eugene" and "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun", the distinctive Minimoog solos in "Any Colour You Like" and, more famously, "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" and the jazzy electric piano passages in "Money", "Time" and "Sheep". In "A Saucerful of Secrets" and "Sysyphus" he experimented with 'treated piano'. "Sysyphus" also made extensive use of Mellotron sounds, something of a rarity in the Pink Floyd canon. Wright also used Indian modal scales in "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun" and "Matilda Mother".Fact|date=September 2008

Equipment

In the early days of the band, Wright dabbled with brass before settling on the Farfisa organ as his main instrument onstage (in addition to piano and Hammond Organ in the studio). For a brief period in 1969, Wright played vibraphone on several of the band's songs and in some live shows, and he even played trombone on "Biding My Time" (also dating from this experimental period). During the formative years of Pink Floyd with Syd Barrett, Wright relied heavily on his Farfisa organ, fed through a Binson Echorec platter echo, to achieve distinctive sounds that helped the band gain their "psychedelic rock" edge. He used a mellotron on "Seesaw", "Atom Heart Mother Suite", and "Sysyphus" on "Ummagumma". He started using a Hammond organ regularly onstage thereafter, and a grand piano later became part of his usual live concert setup when "Echoes" was added to Pink Floyd's regular set-list. For tours in the 1970s centering around "The Dark Side of the Moon", "Wish You Were Here", "Animals" and "The Wall", the Farfisa was dropped (although it was brought back when Wright toured with David Gilmour on his "On An Island" tour), and an array of other instruments were added to the lineup, such as: Fender Rhodes, Wurlitzer and Hohner electric pianos, VCS 3, Minimoog, ARP String Ensemble and Prophet 5 synthesizers. From 1987 Wright favoured Kurzweil digital synthesizers for reproducing his analogue synthesizer sounds, even though he still used his favourite Hammond C-3 organ. The one that he used with Pink Floyd at Live 8 and with David Gilmour, however, was a "portablized" version (stripped of unnecessary weight and put into a more compact casing by Keyboard Products of Los Angeles, Ca.).Fact|date=September 2008

Discography

With Pink Floyd

See Pink Floyd discography

olo albums

*"Wet Dream" - 15 September 1978
*"Broken China" - 26 November 1996

Zee album

*"Identity" - 9 April 1984

With David Gilmour

*"David Gilmour in Concert" (DVD) - October, 2002
**Appears on two tracks: "Breakthrough" (Keyboard / Vocals) & "Comfortably Numb (With Bob Geldof)" (Keyboard)
*"On an Island" - 6 March 2006
**Appears on two tracks: "On an Island" (Hammond organ) & "The Blue" (Keyboards / Vocals)
*"Remember That Night" (DVD) - September, 2007
*"Live in Gdańsk" (CD/DVD) - released on 22 September 2008

With Syd Barrett

*"The Madcap Laughs" - 3 January 1970
*"Barrett" - 14 November 1970

References

External links

* [http://www.pinkfloyd.co.uk/ Pink Floyd's official site]

Persondata
NAME= Wright, Richard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Wright, Richard William
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Musician
DATE OF BIRTH=1943-7-28
PLACE OF BIRTH=Hatch End, Middlesex, England
DATE OF DEATH=2008-9-15
PLACE OF DEATH=