Marc Jeannerod

Marc Jeannerod
Born	1935 France
Died	1 july 2011
Residence	Lyon, France
Nationality	French
Fields	Neurophysiology
Institutions	Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (professor)
Alma mater	Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon; France
Doctoral advisor	Michel Jouvet
Doctoral students	Jean Decety, Pierre Fourneret, Victor Frak
Known for	Neurophysiology and Philosophy of Action
Notable awards	Member of the Academy of Sciences, Légion d'honneur

Marc Jeannerod (1935-2011)^[1] was a neurologist, a neurophysiologist and an internationally recognized expert in cognitive neuroscience and experimental psychology. His research focuses on the cognitive and neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning motor control, motor cognition, the sense of agency, and more recently language and social cognition. Jeannerod's work bridges with elegance and rigor various levels of analysis, ranging from neuroscience to philosophy of mind, with clear implications for the understanding of a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders, especially schizophrenia.

Background

Marc Jeannerod studied Medicine at Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, France, and specialized in Neurology. He was awarded his MD degree in 1965. He got his research training in experimental medicine, studying the neurobiology of sleep under the supervision of Michel Jouvet, one of the discoverers of REM sleep. After his medical degree, Jeannerod became a research assistant in the Department of Anatomy at the University of California at Los Angeles, and then at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with Hans-Lucas Teuber in the Department of Psychology. He subsequently became a professor of physiology at the University Claude Bernard Medical School in Lyon and headed the unit Vision and Motricity of the National Institute of Health and the Medical research (INSERM) until 1997. He then founded and headed the Institute for Cognitive Sciences of the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) until 2003.

Jeannerod was a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was appointed Knight of the Légion d'honneur in July 2008. He left a wife and four children.

Editorial duties

Jeannerod has been for ten years the chief editor of Neuropsychologia. He serves on the editorial boards of several scientific journals, including Neuroimage, European Journal of Neuroscience, European Journal of Physiology, Neuroreport, Physiological Reviews, Journal of Motor Behavior, Perception, Cognition, Behavioural Brain Research, and Experimental Brain Research. He has been the president of the European Brain and Behaviour Society^[2] and was at the time of his death the president elect of the European Society for Philosophy and Psychology.^[3]

Academic achievements

Marc Jeannerod's early work in neurophysiology and clinical neuropsychology has significantly contributed to new concepts that have impacted on the field of cognitive motor control and motor cognition, including motor imagery, and have led to new vistas for the understanding of higher-order motor disorders. Specifically, he has conducted a number of empirical investigations of clinical disorders including those of bimanual coordination, apraxia and sensorimotor transformation deficits, motor neglect, anarchic hand syndrome, and imitation.

More recently, studies conducted in Jeannerod's INSERM laboratory and CNRS Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience have led him to put forward an original account of the simulation theory in the context of motor cognition and motor imagery. This theory states that an action involves a covert stage, corresponding to its pragmatic representation, which includes its goal, the means to achieve it, and its consequences.^[4] Further, such pragmatic representation may be activated under a variety of conditions in relation to action, either self-intended or perceived from other individuals. Even though this process may have a conscious counterpart (one can consciously generate a mental image), most of its generation occurs at the covert level. One persuasive source of evidence in support of such a view comes from studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation that show that the mere observation of grasping movements results in the specific modulation of motor-evoked potentials.^[5][6]

Books

• Jeannerod, M. (2006). Motor cognition: What actions tell the Self. Oxford University Press.
• Jacob, P. & Jeannerod, M. (2003). Ways of Seeing: The Scope and Limits of Visual Cognition. Oxford University Press.
• Jeannerod, M. (2002). Le Cerveau intime. Paris: Editions Odile Jacob.
• Jeannerod, M. (2002). La Nature de l'esprit. Paris: Editions Odile Jacob.
• Jeannerod, M. (1997). The Cognitive Neuroscience of Action. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Jeannerod, M., & Grafman, J. (1997). Handbook of Neuropsychology, Volume 11. Elsevier Science.
• Jeannerod, M. (1996). De la physiologie mentale: Histoire des relations entre la psychologie et la biologie. Paris: Editions Odile Jacob.
• Jeannerod, M. (1988). The Neural and Behavioural Organization of Goal-Directed Movements. Oxford University Press.
• Jeannerod, M. (1987). Neurophysiological & Neuropsychological Aspects of Spatial Neglect. Elsevier BV.
• Jeannerod, M. (1985). The Brain Machine: The Development of Neurophysiological Thought. Harvard University Press.

Selected publications

• Jeannerod, M. (2008). The sense of agency and its disturbances in schizophrenia: a reappraisal. Experimental Brain Research, Epub ahead of time.
• Nazir, T., Boulenger, V., Roy, A., Silber, B., Jeannerod, M. & Paulignan, Y. (2008). Language-induced motor perturbations during the execution of a reaching movement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,
• Jeannerod, M. (2008). Putting oneself in the perspective of the other: A framework for self-other differentiation. Social Neuroscience, 3, 356-367.
• Jeannerod, M., & Jacob, P. (2005). The motor theory of social cognition: a critique. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 21-25.
• Jeannerod, M. (1994). The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 187-245.
• Georgieff, N., & Jeannerod, M. (1998). Beyond consciousness of external reality: a "who" system for consciousness of action and self-consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 7, 465-77.
• Decety, J., Perani, D., Jeannerod, M., et al. (1994). Mapping motor representations with positron emission tomography. Nature, 371, 600-602.

See also

• Neuropsychology
• Psychiatry
• Motor cognition
• Mental Practice of Action
• Motor imagery
• Neuroscience
• Neurophysiology
• Sense of agency
• Schizophrenia
• Experimental psychology

References

1. ^ Lyon, death notice retrieved 21st July 2011
2. ^ EBBS homepage
3. ^ ESPP homepage
4. ^ Jeannerod, M. (1999). To act or not to act: Perspectives on the representation of actions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52A, 1-29.
5. ^ Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1995). Motor facilitation during action observation: A magnetic stimulation study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 73, 2608-2611.
6. ^ Watkins, K. E., Stafella, A. P., & Paus, T. (2003). Seeing and hearing speech excites the motor system involved in speech production. Neuropsychologia, 48, 989-994.

External links

• Interview with Marc Jeannerod
• Institute for Cognitive Science, CNRS, Lyon, France
• University Claude Bernard
• French Academy of Science

Persondata
Name	Jeannerod, Marc
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1935
Place of birth	France
Date of death	2011
Place of death