- Caminalcules
Caminalcules (from Camin and
animalcule ) are a group ofanimal -like life forms invented by Professor Joseph H. Camin (University of Kansas ) as a tool for understandingphylogenetics . Interested in how taxonomists group species, he designed these creatures to show anevolution ary pattern of divergence and diversification in morphology. There are 29 recent 'species' of Caminalcules and 48fossil forms.The Caminalcules first appeared in print in the journal "Systematic Zoology" (now "
Systematic Biology ") in 1983, four years after Camin's death in 1979. [cite journal |last=Coil |first=W. H. |authorlink= |coauthors=M. Stanley |year=1980 |month=August |title=Joseph H. Camin: 6 June 1922-28 July 1979 |journal=The Journal of Parasitology |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=703 |id= |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3280546 |accessdate= |quote= ]Robert R. Sokal published four papers, [cite journal |last=Sokal |first=R. R. |authorlink= |year=1983 |month=June |title=A phylogenetic analysis of the Caminalcules. I. The data base |journal=Systematic Zoology |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=159-184 |id= |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2413279 |accessdate= |quote= ] [cite journal |last=Sokal |first=R. R. |authorlink= |year=1983 |month=June |title=A phylogenetic analysis of the Caminalcules. II. Estimating the true cladogram |journal=Systematic Zoology |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=185-201 |id= |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2413280 |accessdate= |quote= ] [cite journal |last=Sokal |first=R. R. |authorlink= |year=1983 |month=September |title=A phylogenetic analysis of the Caminalcules. III. Fossils and Classification |journal=Systematic Zoology |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=248-258 |id= |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2413445 |accessdate= |quote= ] [cite journal |last=Sokal |first=R. R. |authorlink= |year=1983 |month=September |title=A phylogenetic analysis of the Caminalcules. IV. Congruence and Character Stability |journal=Systematic Zoology |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=259-275 |id= |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2413446 |accessdate= |quote= ] the first showing the full set of Caminacules and the second using them to compare methods innumerical taxonomy . They have been used in biology education to teach the principles ofsystematics and evolution.References
Further reading
*cite journal |last=Sokal |first=R. R.|coauthors=K. L. Fiala; G. Hart |authorlink= |year=1984 |month=December |title=OTU Stability and Factors Determining Taxonomic Stability: Examples from the Caminalcules and the Leptopodomorpha |journal=Systematic Zoology |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=387-407 |id= |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2413091 |accessdate= |quote=
*cite journal |last=Holman |first=E. W. |authorlink= |year=1986 |month=June |title=A Taxonomic Difference Between the Caminalcules and Real Organisms |journal=Systematic Zoology |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=259-261 |id= |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2413437 |accessdate= |quote=
*cite journal |last=Gendron |first=R. P. |authorlink= |year=2000 |month=October |title=The Classification & Evolution of Caminalcules |journal=The American Biology Teacher |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=570-576 |id= |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4450980 |accessdate= |quote=External links
* [http://nsm1.nsm.iup.edu/rgendron/Caminalcules.shtml The Evolution of Caminalcules] - "Caminalcules, Snouters and Other Unusual Creatures"
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