Lake Xochimilco

Lake Xochimilco is an ancient endorheic lake located in the Valley of Mexico, part of a series of lakes, which included the brackish Lake Texcoco, Lake Zumpango, and Lake Xaltocan and the fresh water Lake Chalco. These lakes were the home of many Mesoamerican cultures, including the Teotihuacanos, the Toltecs, and the Aztecs.

Due to its shallow waters and the freshwater springs that lined the south shore of the lake, Lake Xochimilco was the center of chinampa agriculture in the centuries leading up to the Spanish conquest of Mexico. This made the region a prime target for the expanisionistic Aztecs, who obtained control over the lake in a series of campaigns, from circa 1432 until 1440, during the reign of the Aztec "Hueyi Tlatoani", Itzcóatl.

The Spaniards' destruction of the dams and sluice gates in the 1520s, as well as the sharp declines in the native population, led to the near abandonment of the chinampa gardens.

The five lakes within the Valley of Mexico have now largely disappeared, drained to reduce flooding. Only the Xochimilco canals remain from the original Lake Xochimilco. Even today, some "chinamperos" still work their chinampa gardens within the canals.

Lake Xochimilco is famous for being the only place in the world where wild axolotl survive. They used to inhabit Lake Chalco as well, before it was drained. However, even Xochimilco is in a sad state, with only a few canals remaining and it would not be surprising if the species died out because of habitat loss in the next 100 years. They are also caught and sold as food in Mexico City.

At the 1968 Summer Olympics in neighboring Mexico City, the lake hosted the canoeing and rowing compeitions. The lake also hosted the ICF Flatwater Racing World Championships in 1974 and 1994.