A Different Flesh

Infobox Book |
name = A Different Flesh
title_orig =
translator =


image_caption =
author = Harry Turtledove
illustrator =
cover_artist =
country = United States
language = English
series =
subject =
genre = alternate history, science fiction
publisher = Congdon & Weed
pub_date = 1988
english_pub_date =
media_type = Print (hardcover)
pages = 292
isbn = ISBN 0865531986
preceded_by =
followed_by =

A Different Flesh is a collection of short stories by Harry Turtledove set in a world in which Homo erectus and various megafauna survived in the Americas instead of Native Americans.

Turtledove was inspired to write the story by a Stephen Jay Gould article that speculated as to how humanity’s distant cousin, Australopithecus, would be treated if that species had survived. [cite web |url=http://www.enotes.com/different-flesh-salem/different-flesh |title=A Different Flesh (Magill’s Guide to Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature) |accessdate=2008-09-11 |author= |date= |work= |publisher=eNotes.com]

Plot introduction

The stories give a brief glimpse in this altered American history ranging from 1610 to 1988. The Western Hemisphere is inhabited by Homo erectus rather than Homo sapiens, as well as megafauna long extinct in the known world. Consequently, the colonization of the New World by Europe has been a far more difficult process. As time goes by various characters debate the nature of the sims (as erectus is known), and their role in human history.

Included with the short stories are quotations from "The Story of the Federated Commonwealths". These snippets from an imaginary textbook provide the reader with what happens during the time between the stories.

Plot summary

Vilest Beast

1610: At Jamestown colony, Edward Wingfield must rescue his infant daughter from the tribe of wild sims who kidnapped her.

And So To Bed

1661: A series of entries in Samuel Pepys's diary who owns several sims and contemplates the origin of the species. By watching these sims, as well as observing various other animals found in North America, Pepys develops the theory of evolution.

Only one of the diary's entries in the story has a corresponding entry in the real diary Pepys kept.cite web |url=http://www.sfsite.com/~silverag/different.html|title= A DIFFERENT FLESH by Harry Turtledove |accessdate=2008-09-11 |author=Steven H Silver |date= |work=Book Review |publisher=SF Site]

Around the Salt Lick

1691: Thomas Kenton, a scout from Virginia and descendant of Edward Wingfield, and his sim companion, Charles, explore the interior of North America. Kenton is after the teeth of the spearfang cats that populate the area. He is captured by a group of wild sims, and must hope that Charles will rescue him.

The Iron Elephant

1782: A steam-driven trains first appear, and a race is held with one of the hairy elephant-pulled trains they threaten to replace.

Though the Heavens Fall

1804: A house-slave named Jeremiah goes on trial for running away, and his attorney presents the argument that with sims, there is no reason for human beings to enslave other human beings. They are successful and the court's decision leads to the emancipation of all human slaves.

Trapping Run

1812: Henry Quick, a trapper in the Rockies, is wounded by a bear and is nursed back to health by sims. While there, he ends up impregnating one of the sims, resulting in a Sim-Human hybrid.

Freedom

1988: A group of sim's rights activists, including a female descendant of Henry Quick, protesting experimentation on sims, "rescue" Matt, a sim inflected with HIV from a medical lab, but fail to take enough HIV inhibitor, medicine that suppresses the effects of HIV/AIDS. Eventually, this forces the activists to return Matt to the researchers.

Major themes

A major theme through out the stories is what makes someone "human". As time passes humans' view of sims generally shifts from seeing them as beasts into seeing them being close to humans and deserving of some freedoms. It must be pointed out, however, that sims cannot become humans and enjoy all the freedoms that humans have, but they still deserved to be treated with respect and dignity.cite web |url=http://www.hatrack.com/osc/reviews/f&sf/88-07.html |title=Books to Look For |accessdate=2008-09-11 |author=Orson Scott Card |date=July 1988 |work=Book Review |publisher=Fantasy & Science Fiction]

In an interview, Turtledove was asked that since the point of divergence of "A Different Flesh" is set before "human" history does that make the novel a proper alternate history or some sort of "alternative natural history." Turtledove responded by saying: "They seem like alternate history to me, but I haven't really spent a whole lot of time worrying about how to classify them, I'm afraid." [cite web |url=http://intemblog.blogspot.com/2008/05/different-changes-interview-with-uarry.html |title=Different changes: interview with Harry Turtledove |accessdate=2008-09-11 |author=Octavio Aragão |date=05/29/2008 |work=Interview |publisher=Intempol]

Literary significance and reception

Steven H. Silver gave a good review of the novel and commented that Turtledove left a lot of room open for further stories in the series, but still feels that Turtledove's writing style has changed to point where future stories would appear out of place. Science fiction author Orson Scott Card also had a good review for the novel complimenting Turtledove especially on "Freedom" for the use of a sims point of view without "sentimentalizing and anthropomorphizing until the true differences between species are erased."

One negative criticism of the novel was made by one reviewer who thought that there was an assumption that the course of history would have gone pretty much as it did with Native Americans here and he felt that this underestimates the impact of Native Americans on our history. [cite web |url=http://members.aol.com/dalecoz/dale2.htm#difflesh |title=A Different Flesh -- by: Harry Turtledove |accessdate=2008-09-11 |author=Dale Cozort |date= |work=Book Review |publisher=]

Publication history

"Vilest Beast", "And So to Bed", "Around the Salt Lick", "The Iron Elephant", and "Though the Heavens Fall" were all originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact. "Freedom" was originally published in Asimov's Science Fiction while "Trapping Run" was written exclusively for the hardcover edition. [cite web |url=http://www.uchronia.net/bib.cgi/label.html?id=turtdiffer |title=Turtledove, Harry. A Different Flesh. |accessdate=2008-09-10 |author=Robert B. Schmunk |date= |work= |publisher=Uchronia.net]

Originally published by Congdon & Weed in 1988, it was first published in paperback by Worldwide the following year. In 1994, Baen reprinted the book.Fact|date=September 2008

References

External links

* [http://turtledove.wikia.com/wiki/A_Different_Flesh "A Different Flesh" on the Harry Turtledove Wiki]