Wynnewood (Dallas, Texas)

Wynnewood is one of the main neighborhoods of Oak Cliff, the southern part of Dallas, Texas. Wynnewood covers 820 acres that are bordered, roughly, by the Dallas Area Rapid Transit railway line to the north, Zang Boulevard to the east, Kiest Boulevard to the south, and Polk Street to the west.

History

The history of Wynnewood is inextricably connected with the development of suburban living in post-World War II America. Indeed, Wynnewood is the southern equivalent of famous Levittown, New York, a planned community with which Wynnewood is exactly contemporaneous. But the parallels do not end there.Just as Levittown was named after Levitt and Sons, the company that planned and built the suburb, so Wynnewood carries the name of the Wynne family. The 820 acres that were to become Wynnewood were originally purchased in 1913 by the American Home Realty Company, but remained undeveloped until the 1940s; at that point the company was acquired by Toddie Lee Wynne, Sr., and Benjamin Hick Majors. When Wynne’s nephew Angus Gilchrist Wynne, Jr., returned from the war, he was appointed president of American Home Realty. His task was to take advantage of the post-war boom, which created a propitious time for housing development. [See [http://www.dallaslibrary.org/CTX/archives/ma03-4.html Wynnewood Scrapbook] .]

Construction took place in several phases. It started in March, 1946, in the triangle marked by Illinois, Bristol, and Garapan. [See "The Dallas Morning News" (February 26, 1946), Section II, p. 1; (March 5, 1946), Section II, p. 1.] The very first homes to be completed were those on Veasy Street (later renamed Wynnewood Drive). The first resident to occupy a Wynnewood home was J. D. Jones of 2342 Veasy. [See "The Oak Cliff Tribune" (April 11, 1947), Section II, p. 1.] The entire development was largely complete by 1954.

Conception of the “City of Wynnewood, U.S.A.”

. [See "The Dallas Morning News" (March 3, 1946), Section II, p. 14.] The mix of apartments and homes in different price ranges ensured a certain socio-economic diversity; racial diversity, on the other hand, was not yet conceivable: the community was initially all-white.

In Wynnewood, Wynne and DeWitt attempted to marry the principles of mass production with individuality. In Wynnewood, one would not find “regimented rows upon rows of houses, [or] dreadful uniformity.” [Ibid.] Indeed, the homes in the Wynnewood community have a sufficient diversity of styles and layouts not to appear like “cookie-cutter” houses. Nevertheless, they were built with great efficiency, from components manufactured in specially established “pre-fabrication mills.” [J. L. McClure, "Adequate Wiring Basic in Country's Largest Residence Development," "Qualified Contractor" (May, 1947), pp. 16–17, at 16.] A contemporary article describes the work method of the construction teams in the following words:

Employing nearly 300 workers, one-third of whom are carpenters, the contractors have their forces set up in skilled groups specializing in their fields. For example, the employees include groups such as wall erection, rafter erection, frame gables, window and door frames. The groups start down a street in the addition, taking each house in order, and with the completion of their repetitive work on that street, cross over and return down the next street, working much on the order of an assembly line. Following are brick masons who are equipped to complete one house daily. [Ibid., pp. 16–17.]

Great emphasis was placed on the quality of workmanship. For example, the electric wiring in the Wynnewood community followed the standards of the “Dallas Adequate Wiring Committee,” set up to promote the kind of wiring that would be able to handle the expanding use of electricity for household appliances. [See ibid.]

The streets at the core of Wynnewood are named after WWII Navy commanders, ships, and battles: for example, Eisenhower, Salerno, Nicholson, Garapan, Anzio, Grayson, O’Banion, and Bristol. This reflects Angus Wynne’s Navy career. DeWitt Circle commemorates the architect. [See "The Oak Cliff Tribune" (April 11, 1947), Section II, p. 1.]

Wynnewood Shopping Village

Unlike modern-day developers, who oftentimes fail to provide neighborhoods with the facilities necessary for everyday life, Wynne and his advisers planned a large shopping center at the heart of their community. Begun in the summer of 1947, by 1954 the Wynnewood Shopping Village had expanded to 150 shops on 53 acres with 6,400 parking spaces. There were a movie theater, a post office, the Wynnewood State Bank, department stores, grocery stores, drug stores, restaurants, furniture and jewelry stores, doctors’ offices—even a hotel. What made (and still makes) the Wynnewood Shopping Center unique is the fact that it is laid out like a “village”: shops are not crammed into one huge air-conditioned complex, but are housed in blocks of one-story buildings surrounded by trees. [See "The ABC of Living in Dallas and Wynnewood" (an illustrated brochure published by the American Home Realty Company, ca. 1953).]

Wynnewood Today

Over the decades, Wynnewood has lost the specific identity that the founders were hoping to give the community. Only the residents of Wynnewood North still see themselves as a distinctive neighborhood, as witnessed by their [http://www.wynnewoodnorth.org neighborhood association] . In some ways, however, Wynnewood has retained some of its original characteristics: it is still one of the most diverse neighborhoods in Dallas, not only in socio-economic but also in racial terms. The homes have turned out to be as solid as their creators promised. The tree-lined streets exude a sense of quietness and comfort. The apartments have become subsidized housing, with some of the problems attendant upon this type of dwelling. The most disappointing aspect in the recent history of Wynnewood is the fate of the shopping village, which is only a shadow of its former self. Many of its buildings have been razed: the Professional Building (which used to be occupied by doctors’ offices) is gone, as are the movie theater, the hotel, and the department stores. There have been discussions in recent years about reviving the shopping center, whose services are still badly needed by the community; but as of the fall of 2008, nothing has come of these discussions. [For these discussions, see, for example, Philipp W. Rosemann, "Save Wynnewood Village from 'Progress,'" "The Dallas Morning News" (June 30, 2006), p. 27A.]
The following images give an impression of Wynnewood as it looks in 2008.

Sources

The Archives for Dallas and Texas History of the [http://www.dallaslibrary.org Dallas Public Library] have a collection of materials relating to the history of Wynnewood: newspaper clippings, photographs, magazine articles, etc. Call number: MA 03.4 (“Wynnewood Scrapbook"). The Public Works and Transportation Survey Records Vault of the [http://www.dallascityhall.com City of Dallas] contains plats, legal documents, aerial photographs, and some house plans on the Wynnewood neighborhood. The Vault is located at 320 E. Jefferson Blvd., Room 314, Dallas, Texas, 75203.

"The Hidden City: Oak Cliff, Texas", by Bill Minutaglio and Holly Williams (Dallas: Elmwood Press and The Old Oak Cliff Conservation League, 1990), focuses on the earlier history of Oak Cliff and mentions Wynnewood only in passing.

References