S. A. M. Wood

Infobox Military Person
name= Sterling Alexander Martin Wood
born= birth date|1823|04|17
died= death date and age|1891|01|26|1823|04|17
placeofbirth= Florence, Alabama
placeofdeath= Tuscaloosa, Alabama
placeofburial= Tuscaloosa


caption= Sterling Alexander Martin Wood
nickname=
allegiance= Confederate States of America
serviceyears= 1861–63
rank= Brigadier General
commands=
unit=
battles= American Civil War
*Battle of Shiloh
*Battle of Perryville
awards=
laterwork= lawyer, state legislator, university professor

Sterling Alexander Martin Wood (March 17, 1823 – January 26, 1891) commonly referred to as S.A.M. Wood, was an American lawyer and newspaper editor from Alabama. He served as a Confederate general during the American Civil War until 1863, and resumed practicing law, served as a state legislator, and later taught law.

Early life and career

Wood was born in Florence, Alabama, in the spring of 1823. He attended St. Joseph College in Kentucky in 1841, and then moved to Tennessee and became a lawyer there. In 1851 Wood returned to Alabama, where he served in the state legislature as well as editing for Florence's "Gazette" newspaper.Eicher, p. 579.]

Civil War service

Wood chose to follow his home state of Alabama and the Confederate cause, and entered the state forces as a captain in the Alabama Infantry on April 3, 1861. He was promoted to colonel of the 7th Alabama Infantry on May 18. Wood was then given brigade command in the Western Theater that October in the Army of Central Kentucky. He was promoted to brigadier general on January 7, 1862. Wood commanded a brigade in the Army of Mississippi during the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee on April 6, 1862, and was wounded when his horse dragged him.

;PerryvilleWood's most notable Confederate service came on October 8, 1862, when he and his brigade fought at Perryville, Kentucky, in the Battle of Perryville. His brigade was part of Maj. Gen. Simon B. Buckner's division in Maj. Gen. William J. Hardee's II Corps and participated in Buckner's attack on a Union position. The Confederates desired to force the Federals back and cut off their escape route at the Dixville Crossroads, effectively surrounding them.

Union infantry and an artillery battery posted on a hill close to the Benton Road shot up Wood's men and forced them back to fall back. Wood reformed his brigade at the base of the hill and renewed the assault. The Federal guns ran low on ammunition and withdrew, and the Confederate attack pushed the Union infantry back towards the crossroads. After the charge Wood's men withdrew and were replaced by Brig. Gen. St. John Richardson Liddell's reserve brigade. In this fight Wood was wounded in the head and would be out of action until November, by which the Army of Mississippi was now called the Army of Tennessee.

;Remaining campaignsWood resumed command of his brigade on November 20, 1862, and fought in the Army of Tennessee's campaigns during the rest of 1862 and into 1863, including the bloody Battle of Stones River at year's end, throughout the Tullahoma Campaign in the summer of 1863 and the Battle of Chickamauga that September. However Wood resigned his commission on October 17, just prior to the Third Battle of Chattanooga in November.

Postbellum

Wood resumed his law practice following his resignation from the Confederate Army, and would be pardoned by the U.S. Government after the war on November 4, 1865. He then served in again in the Alabama Legislature, and was a professor of law at the University of Alabama from 1889 to 1890. Wood died early the next year in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and was buried there.

References

* Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., "Civil War High Commands", Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.

Notes