Gomphidius glutinosus

Taxobox
name = "Gomphidius glutinosus"

---

regnum = Fungi
divisio = Basidiomycota
classis = Agaricomycetes
ordo = Boletales
familia = Gomphidiaceae
genus = "Gomphidius"
species = "G. glutinosus"
binomial = "Gomphidius glutinosus"
binomial_authority = (Schaeff.) Fr. mycomorphbox
name = Gomphidius glutinosus
whichGills = decurrent
capShape = flat
capShape2= convex
hymeniumType=gills
stipeCharacter=ring
ecologicalType=mycorrhizal
sporePrintColor=blackish-brown
howEdible=edible

"Gomphidius glutinosus", commonly known as the slimy spike-cap, is a gilled mushroom found in Europe. Although it has gills, it is a member of the order Boletales, along with the boletes. The fruiting bodies sprout in pine, fir and spruce woodland in Europe in autumn. Initially, are completely covered with a slimy veil, breaking through to reveal a greyish or brownish-capped mushroom with decurrent greyish gills which sometimes resembles a child's top. Opinions differ on the suitability of this mushroom for the table, some guides hold it in high regard, while others view it with caution.

Taxonomy

"Gomphidius glutinosus" was initially described by German mycologist Jacob Christian Schäffer as "Agaricus glutinosus" in 1774, before the father of mycology Elias Magnus Fries gave it its current genus and binomial name in 1838. The genus name is derived from the Greek 'γομφος' "gomphos" meaning "plug" or "large wedge-shaped nail". [ cite book|author=Liddell HJ, Scott R|year=1980|title=Greek-English Lexicon, Abridged Edition |publisher=Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK|isbn= 0-19-910207-4] The specific epithet "glutinosus" is the Latin adjective "sticky".cite book | author = Nilson S & Persson O | year = 1977 | title = Fungi of Northern Europe 1: Larger Fungi (Excluding Gill-Fungi) | publisher = Penguin|isbn=0-14-063005-8|pages=p. 112]

Alternate common names in Germany are "Kuhmaul" "cow snout", and "Rotzer".cite book|author=Zeitlmayr L|year=1976|title=Wild Mushrooms:An Illustrated Handbook|publisher=Garden City Press, Hertfordshire|isbn= 0-584-10324-7|pages=p9. 93-94]

Description

Said to resemble a child's top, the mushroom has a dark brownish or greyish cap up to 12 cm (4.5 in) in diameter; It has a central boss and an inrolled margin, and is initially convex and later flattens and may develop blackish markings. As with other members of the genus, the whole mushroom is often covered with slimy or sticky veil when young. The fungus tears free of the veil as it grows, leaving some strands and an indistinct ring. The stipe is 3.5–10 cm (1.4-4 in) high and 1–2 cm wide, and is white with a greyish tint and often flushed yellow at the base. The whitish flesh may have a wine-coloured tinge and has little taste or smell. The widely-spaced decurrent gills are waxy in texture, with a hairy surface from the cystidia. Sometimes branched, they are initally whitish, then grey and later blackening with spores, and the spore print is brownish-black. The large spores are spindle-shaped and measure 17-20 μm long by 5.5-6 μm wide.cite book | author = Roger Phillips | year = 2006 | title = Mushrooms | publisher = Pan MacMillan | isbn = 0-330-44237-6|pages=p. 270]

Brownish specimens may be mistaken at a glance for "Suillus luteus", but a quick look under the cap will see there are gills rather than pores.cite book | last = Haas |first=Hans | year = 1969 | title = The Young Specialist looks at Fungi |pages=p. 52| publisher = Burke | isbn= 0-222-79409-7] Another similar species is "Hygrophorus hypothejus", found in similar habitat though with yellow gills which do not separate from the cap.cite book |title=The Great Encyclopedia of Mushrooms |last=Lamaison |first=Jean-Louis |coauthors=Polese, Jean-Marie |year=2005 |publisher=Könemann |isbn=3-8331-1239-5|pages=p. 34]

Distribution and habitat

"Gomphidius glutinosus" is found in Europe, where it occurs in autumn under pine and fir trees, both in natural woods and plantations, generally singularly or scattered. Fruiting bodies sprout in the autumn.

Ecology

Like other members of the family Gomphidiaceae, "Gomphidius glutinosus " has been thought to be ectomycorrhizal, forming symbiotic relationship with their host trees. However, there is now evidence that many (and perhaps all) species in this group are parasitic upon ectomycorrhizal boletes, in relationships that are often highly species-specific, such as "Gomphidius roseus" upon "Suillus bovinus".Olsson PA, et al. (2000). Molecular andanatomical evidence for a three-way association between "Pinus sylvestris" and the ectomycorrhizal fungi "Suillus bovinus" and "Gomphidius roseus". Mycological Research 104:1372–1378. ( [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=64133 abstract] )]

Edibility

Opinions differ on the suitability of this mushroom for the table, some guides hold it in high regard, while others view it with caution. "Gomphidius glutinosus " has a mild flavour well-suited for cooking with other mushrooms, and in soups and stews. It not suited for drying. Removing the slime and skin of the cap is recommended as soon as possible after picking. Maggots only rarely attack this species.

References