Prince Hall Freemasonry

Prince Hall Freemasonry derives from historical events which led to a tradition of separate, predominantly African-American, Freemasonic fraternal organization in North America. It is considered regular by the United Grand Lodge of England. [ [http://bessel.org/masrec/phaugle.htm "Report From The United Grand Lodge of EnglandPrince Hall Masonry and the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Massachusetts"] Accessed March 26, 2008.]

History

On March 6, 1775, an African American named Prince Hall was made a Master Mason in Irish Constitution Military Lodge No. 441, along with fourteen other African Americans: Cyrus Johnston, Bueston Slinger, Prince Rees, John Canton, Peter Freeman, Benjamin Tiler, Duff Ruform, Thomas Santerson, Prince Rayden, Cato Speain, Boston Smith, Peter Best, Forten Horward, and Richard Titley, all of whom apparently were free by birth. When the Military Lodge left the area, the African Americans were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, form Processions on the days of the Saints John, and conduct Masonic funerals, but not to confer degrees nor to do other Masonic work. These individuals applied for and obtained a Warrant for Charter from the Grand Lodge of England in 1784 and formed African Lodge #459.

Despite being stricken from the rolls (like all American Grand Lodges were after the 1813 merger of the Antients and the Moderns), the Lodge restyled itself as African Lodge #1 (not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa), and separated itself from United Grand Lodge of England-recognised Masonry. This led to a tradition of separate, predominantly African American jurisdictions in North America, which are known collectively as Prince Hall Freemasonry. Widespread racism and segregation in North America made it impossible for African Americans to join many mainstream lodges, and many mainstream Grand Lodges in North America refused to recognize as legitimate the Prince Hall Lodges and Prince Hall Masons in their territory.

For many years Grand Lodges who claim state jurisdictions have integrated membership, though in some Southern states this has been policy but not practice and Prince Hall originated Grand Lodges are also integrated by policy and practice. Prince Hall Lodges are recognized by the Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) as well as the great majority of state Grand Lodges and international Grand Lodges. While no Grand Lodge of any kind is universally recognized, at present, Prince Hall Masonry is recognized by most UGLE-recognized Grand Lodges and not by others, but appears to be working its way toward further recognition. [ [http://www.mindspring.com/~johnsonx/whoisph.htm "Who is Prince Hall?"] , accessed on 9 February 2006.] According to data compiled in 2006, 40 out of the 51 mainstream US Grand Lodges recognize Prince Hall Grand Lodges.cite web|url=http://bessel.org/masrec/phamap.htm |title=Prince Hall Masonry Recognition details: Map of U.S. Recognition Status |publisher="Bessel.org" |date=2006-12-01 |accessdate=2007-12-16]

Notable members

There are many notable Masons who were affiliated with Prince Hall originated Grand Lodges.

Among the first Grand Masters, Prince Hall African Lodge #459:

*Prince Hall, Boston, Massachusetts, Grand Master 1791-1807

*Nero Prince, Boston, Massachusetts, Grand Master 1808

*George Middleton, Boston, Massachusetts, Grand Master 1809-1910. Commander, Bucks of America, a unit of black soldiers during the American Revolution. The unit received a flag from Governor John Hancock for its faithful service. Middleton was also a founder of the African Benevolent Society.

*Peter Lew, Dracut, Massachusetts, Grand Master 1811-1816, son of Barzillai Lew

*Sampson H. Moody, Grand Master 1817-1825

*John T. Hilton, Grand Master 1826-1827

*Walker Lewis, Lowell, Massachusetts, Grand Master 1829-1830

*Thomas Dalton, Boston, Massachusetts, Grand Master 1831-1832, son-in-law of Barzillai Lew

*Other notable members linked in the external links section

References

* Roundtree, Alton G., and Paul M. Bessel (2006). "Out of the Shadows: Prince Hall Freemasonry in America, 200 Years of Endurance". Forestville MD: KLR Publishing

ee also

*Prince Hall
*Prince Hall Mystic Cemetery
*Freemasonry
*List of Freemasons

External links

* [http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/prince_hall/ Prince Hall Freemasonry]
* [http://www.freemasonry.org/phylaxis/prince_hall.htm Prince Hall Freemasonry, Phylaxis Society]
* [http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/popefr.html Prince Hall Revisited] by Tony Pope, editor of the Australian & New Zealand Masonic Research Council's publications.
* [http://www.nps.gov/boaf/georgemiddleton.htm The Black Heritage Trail The George Middleton House Boston African-American National Historic Site]
* [http://www.afroammuseum.org/site2.htm Museum of Afro-American History website George Middleton house and has photo of Bucks of America flag-for reference only}]
* [http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/1914/famous.html Some Famous Prince Hall Freemasons]
* [http://www.phaohio.org/mwphgloh/likfm.html Famous Prince Hall Freemasons]