St. Andrew's Anglican Church, Moscow

Infobox religious building |building_name=St Andrew's Church, Moscow |

image_size= |caption=
location=Moscow, Russia
map_type=
latitude=55.7582
longitude=37.6048 |geo= |religious_affiliation=Anglican |district=Diocese in Europe |consecration_year= 1885|status=
leadership=Rev. Dr. Canon Simon Stephens
website= [http://www.standrewsmoscow.org St Andrew's Anglican Church, Moscow]
architect= Robert Knill Freeman
architecture_type=Church
architecture_style=Victorian Gothic |facade_direction=
year_completed=1884 |construction_cost= |capacity= |length= |width= |width_nave= |height_max= |dome_quantity= |dome_height_outer= |dome_height_inner= |dome_dia_outer= |dome_dia_inner= |minaret_quantity= |minaret_height= |spire_quantity= |spire_height=
materials=Brick

St Andrew’s Anglican Church in Moscow continues the tradition of Anglican worship in Moscow that started in 1553 when Tsar Ivan the Terrible first allowed the English merchants of the Russia Company permission to worship according to their own beliefs. The Russia Company, now operating mainly for charitable purposes, continues to financially support the Anglican Church in Moscow.

The current church building dates from 1883 and the parsonage from 1894. During the October Revolution in 1917 the church tower was used as a machine gun post by the Bolsheviks. The church was confiscated in 1920 and the chaplain expelled from Russia. During Soviet rule the church and parsonage were used as a hostel for girls and to house diplomats from Finland and Estonia. Starting in 1964 the state record company Melodiya used the church as a recording studio. Services returned on July 15, 1991 and during the visit of Queen Elizabeth II on October 19, 1994, the Russian government agreed to return the building to religious use. Melodiya vacated the premises in 2001.

Early history

Some early records are available through the Russia Company archives in London’s Guildhall, [http://www.history.ac.uk/gh/russia.htm Guildhall Library, The English Church in Moscow] retrieved August 20, 2008. Original Company records go back to 1666, with some copies of earlier documents. ] and from records sent to the Bishop of London. [http://www.standrewsmoscow.org/history/history03.php The story of the English Church in Moscow, Part 1] by Jean Coussmaker, published in 1999 in the church magazine, retrieved August 20, 2008 ]

The first Anglican worship in Moscow may have been held in the Old English Yard, now on Varvarka Street, the center of the Russia Company in Moscow. The first English church building in Russia was probably built in Arkhangelsk in the 17th century, with its chaplain serving both Arkhangelsk and Moscow from 1705. In 1754, with most foreigners in Russia residing in the new capital, St. Petersburg, the Moscow congregation was served by the chaplain from St. Petersburg. Services were probably held in the Reformed Church in Moscow’s German Quarter.

Sometime after the city burnt in 1812, services were held on Tverskaya Street in the palace of Princess Anne Aleksandrovna Golitsina. In 1825, the Russia Company established an independent chaplaincy in Moscow, and Tsar Alexander I approved the establishment of a church. The Rev. Charles Barton was appointed by the Russia Company as chaplain in 1825 and the British Chapel was built in 1828 on the current site of St. Andrew’s.

By the 1880s the congregation had grown and a building larger than the chapel was needed. The Russia Company gave 25,000 rubles and the congregation raised 188,616 rubles to build the church. It was designed by Robert Knill Freeman, of Bolton, in the Victorian Neo-Gothic style.

At the time the congregation was evenly divided between supporters of the Church of England and Scottish dissenters who supported the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. As a compromise, the church was named after St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, and the English Book of Common Prayer was to be used. To further establish St. Andrew’s as a British church, symbols of Scotland (the thistle), England (the rose), Ireland (clover), and Wales (the leek) are incorporated into the church architecture.

Jonathan Holt Titcomb, the Bishop of London's coadjutor for North and Central Europe, consecrated the church on January 13, 1885. [http://www.standrewsmoscow.org/history/history02.php The History of St. Andrew's] Published in the church magazine, retrieved August 20, 2008. Text is adapted by James Colley from an article by S.C. Romanyuk in "Architecture and Building in Moscow", 1995, No.3, Pages 42-46. ]

Jane McGill paid for the building of the parsonage in 1894. [http://www.standrewsmoscow.org/history/history01.php St. Andrew's History] Retrieved Agust 20, 2008] In 1904 she founded St. Andrew’s House for indigent governesses and other ladies, on nearby Tverskaya Street.

Confiscation and renewal

During the October Revolution Bolsheviks mounted a machine gun post in the church tower to stop troops of the Provisional Government from advancing toward the Kremlin. The Bolsheviks were dislodged on October 29, 1917.

According to Herbert North, son of the chaplain “we spent nearly a week in the basement with no light and little food. On emerging from the house at the end of the fighting we found many spent cartridges in the courtyard and two large pools of blood.” . [http://www.standrewsmoscow.org/history/history09.php The story of the English Church in Moscow, Part 4] by Jean Coussmaker, published in 1999 in the church magazine, retrieved August 20, 2008 ]

The church was confiscated in 1920 and the Chaplain, the Rev. Frank North was expelled from Russia to Helsinki. He served in Helsinki, officially as the Chaplain to Helsinki and Moscow. During the following 71 years, the Helsinki chaplain would occasionally give services at the British Embassy in Moscow.

The church and parsonage were used by the Soviets as a hostel for girls and to house diplomats from Finland and Estonia. In 1964 Melodiya took over the church as a recording studio.
Dmitry Shostakovich and Mstislav Rostropovich both recorded at Melodiya’s St. Andrew's studio. [http://www.mnweekly.ru/local/20080703/55335889.html A Divine Cause] Alisa Ballard, Moscow News №26 3/07/2008, retrieved August 20, 2008 ]

Following perestroika, on July 15, 1991, the Helsinki Chaplain, the Rev. Tyler Strand, celebrated the first Eucharist at St. Andrew’s since 1920. Regular services began soon after. The Rev. Canon Chad Coussmaker was appointed permanent Chaplain in 1993. The Rev. Dr Canon Simon Stephens has served as Chaplain since 1999.

Queen Elizabeth II visited the church on October 19, 1994 and agreed with Russian President Boris Yeltsin that the church would be returned. [http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/850/49/346820.htm The Moscow Times] Anglicans To Regain Property, Frank Brown, October 13, 1994, subscription required. Retrieved August 21, 2008] ] Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin signed the order to return of the property religious use, [http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/850/49/346820.htm The Moscow Times] , Church Passes To Anglicans, October 25, 1994, subscription required. Retrieved August 21, 2008 ] though in Russia, all religious property is officially state owned, with the congregation only having the right to use the property. Chernomyrdin's order was not immediately effective, with the property re-registered to the state only in January 2008 and Melodiya occupying parts of the property until about 2001.

References

External links

* [http://www.friendsofstandrewsmoscow.org/ Friends of St. Andrew's]