- Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans
Admiral Edward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans of Chelsea KCB DSO (October 28 ,1881 -August 20 ,1957 ), known as "Teddy" Evans, was a British naval officer andAntarctic explorer. He served as second-in-command onRobert Falcon Scott 's ill-fated expedition to theSouth Pole in 1910-1913 and as captain of the expedition ship "Terra Nova".Early life
Edward Evans was born in London in 1881, the son of a barrister. Although expelled from Merchant Taylors' School, London for truancy he eventually completed sufficient schooling to make his way onto the Mercantile Marine training ship HMS "Worcester" and obtain, two years later, a naval cadetship. He attended the Royal Naval College from 1900-1902. In 1900 he was promoted to Acting Sub-Lieutenant, then Sub-Lieutenant in 1902 and the same year served as second officer of the "Morning", the relief vessel of Scott's first Antarctic expedition in 1901-1904.
cott's Second Antarctic Expedition (1910-13)
Scott offered Evans the position with his second expedition as a means of persuading him to drop plans for his own competing expedition to explore
King Edward VII Land . However, it was an uneasy working relationship, as Scott continued to regard Evans as a rivalFact|date=February 2007.In Antarctica, Evans was initially in charge of Scott's motor-sledge party. After the sledges broke down, he continued south, man-hauling, as the leader of the last supporting party to accompany Scott to the pole. After hearing from Scott that he was not going to be one of the men making the final push to the South Pole, Evans turned back on
January 4 ,1912 , within 150 miles of the pole, leaving another of his party, Henry R. Bowers, to join Scott's Polar party. On the return journey, Evans became seriously ill withscurvy and by February 11, still 100 miles from base camp, could no longer stand unaided and had to be pulled on the sledge by his remaining two companions, Tom Crean andWilliam Lashly . Evans ordered them to leave him behind as he feared all three would otherwise die, but they refused. Evans would later say that this was the only time in his naval career where his orders were disobeyed. Evans declining condition was chronicled in the journal of Lashly, who observed that Evans was "turning black and blue and several other colours as well", and later that he was in great pain and unable to stand. Evans later wrote: "Very seriously and sadly they re-erected our tent and put me once again inside. I thought I was being put into my grave....". [ [http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=228165&pageno=121 Online Reader - Project Gutenberg ] ] . At this point, with not enough supplies to last the 3 men for the remaining 35 miles, Crean volunteered to go alone to fetch help. On February 19, after walking for 18 hours non-stop, Crean reachedHut Point where he found two members of the expedition, physicianEdward L Atkinson and dog-handler Dimitri Gerov, who set off on dog sleds and rescued Evans and Lashly. Altogether, the three had marched about 1500 miles.Because of his illness, Evans was sent home in the expedition's ship "Terra Nova" in March, 1912, but he recovered and returned the following year in command of the ship to take off the expedition's survivors.
Post-Antarctic service
Following his Antarctic service, Evans had a successful naval career. At the break out of the
First World War in 1914 he was promoted to Commander. On 20 April 1917, while on night patrol of the Dover Barrage nearGoodwin Sands , he commanded the destroyer HMS "Broke" in an action against six German destroyers of theKaiserliche Marine that had started to bombard Dover. Along withHMS Swift , Evans engaged the German destroyers in what became known as theBattle of Dover Strait . A torpedo from HMS Swift sank one of the enemy destroyers, G-85. Then the "Broke" deliberately rammed another, G-42, almost breaking it in two. The two ships became locked together and for a while there was close-quarters fighting on Broke's deck until the Broke managed to break free and the German destroyer sank while the remaining German destroyers made their escape. The badly damaged "Broke" was towed home, while the equally damaged "Swift" made her own way back. The action made Evans a popular hero and he was feted in the British press as "Evans of the "Broke" and subsequently promoted to Captain. He received theDistinguished Service Order (DSO) the following month.In 1928 he was promoted to
Rear-Admiral commanding the Royal Australian Navy, In 1932 he was madeVice-Admiral . He was commander-in-chief of the Africa station and deputy high commissioner of the British Protectorates from 1933-35. He was made aKnights Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1935. He was Commander-in-Chief at the Nore from 1935-1939. Recalled in 1939, he served as London Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence during theSecond World War . In December 1945, he was created abaron , Lord Mountevans of the "Broke" and finally achieved the rank ofAdmiral in July, 1946. He retired from the Royal Navy in 1949. He was Rector of Aberdeen University from 1936-1942.He wrote several books about Antarctica. South with Scott (1921); British Polar explorers (1944); The desolate Antarctic (1950).
Footnote
E.R.G.R. "Teddy" Evans is not to be confused with Petty Officer
Edgar Evans , who was a member of Scott's polar party and died with his companions on the return journey from the pole.References
*Cherry-Garrard, Apsley: "The Worst Journey in the World". ISBN 0-88184-478-0
*Evans E.R.G.R. "South With Scott" Collins, London, 1921.
*Huntford, Roland: "The Last Place on Earth". ISBN 0-689-70701-0
*Preston, Diana: "A First Rate Tragedy". ISBN 0-618-00201-4
*Fiennes, Ranulph (2003). "Captain Scott". Hodder & Stoughton Ltd. ISBN 0-340-82697-5.External links
*
See also
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Cape Evans
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