Foster Kennedy syndrome

Foster Kennedy syndrome

DiseaseDisorder infobox
Name = Foster Kennedy syndrome


Caption = CT scan of a meningioma, one of the possible masses that can result in Foster Kennedy syndrome.
ICD9 = ICD9|377.04
DiseasesDB = 31967

Foster Kennedy syndrome (also known as Gowers-Paton-Kennedy syndrome, Kennedy's phenomenon or Kennedy's syndrome) refers to a constellation of findings associated with tumors of the frontal lobe. [DorlandsDict|eight/000104343|Kennedy syndrome]

Although "Foster Kennedy syndrome" is equated with "Kennedy syndrome", [DorlandsDict|eight/000104168|Foster Kennedy syndrome] it should not be confused with Kennedy disease, which is named for W. R. Kennedy.

Presentation

It is defined as optic atrophy (loss of nerve fibres in the optic nerve) of one eye with papilledema (optic disc swelling) of the other, due to optic nerve compression and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). This itself is caused by a mass (such as meningioma or plasmacytoma, usually a olfactory groove meningioma) on the same side as the optic atrophy.cite book | last=Longmore | first=Murray | coauthors=Ian Wilkinson, Tom Turmezei, Chee Kay Cheung | title=Oxford Handbook of Clinicial Medicine, 7th edition | publisher=Oxford University Press | date=2007 | pages=690 | isbn=0-19-856837-1 ] cite web |url=http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/40001224/ |title=Foster Kennedy syndrome |accessdate=2008-08-13 |last=Willacy |first=Hayley] Other associations include central scotoma (loss of central visual acuity) and anosmia (the inability to smell). There are other symptoms present in some cases such as nausea and vomiting, memory loss and emotional lability (i.e. frontal lobe signs).

History

The syndrome was first extensively noted by Robert Foster Kennedy in 1911, a British neurologist, who spent most of his career working in the United States of America. [cite book |title=Kennedy F; Retrobulbar neuritis as an exact diagnostic sign of certain tumors and abscesses in the frontal lobe |last=Thorofare |first=NJ |year=1911 |publisher=American Journal of the Medical Sciences] However, the first mention of the syndrome came from a William Gowers in 1893. Schultz-Zehden described the symptoms again in 1905. A later description was written by Wilhelm Uhthoff in 1915.cite web |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1224.html |title=Kennedy's syndrome |accessdate=2008-08-13]

Treatment and prognosis

The treatment, and therefore prognosis, varies depending upon the underlying tumour. "Pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome" is defined as one-sided optic disc swelling with papilledema in the other eye but with the absence of a mass.cite journal |author=Bansal S, Dabbs T, Long V |title=Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome due to unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia: a case report |journal=J Med Case Reports |volume=2 |issue= |pages=86 |year=2008 |pmid=18348732 |pmc=2278154 |doi=10.1186/1752-1947-2-86 |url=http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/2//86 |issn= |accessdate=2008-08-13]

References


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