Johanna Brandt

Infobox Person
name = Johanna Brandt

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image_size = 240px
caption = "The Petticoat Commando"
birth_name =
birth_date = 1876
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death_date = 1964
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residence = Harmony
nationality =Boer
other_names =
known_for = Writing, Prophecy
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employer =
occupation = Nurse
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spouse = Louis Ernst Brandt
children =
parents = Pastor Nicolaas and Maria van Warmelo
relatives =
religion = Christian


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Johanna Brandt (18 November 1876 in Heidelberg / Transvaal–13 January, 1964 in Nuweland) was a South African propagandist of Afrikaner nationalism, spy during the Boer War, prophet and writer.

Biography

Johanna van Warmelo was born on the 18 November, 1876 to Pastor Nicolaas Jacobus van Warmelo and his second wife Maria Magdalena Elizabeth Maré. Her father was a Dutch Reformed minister from the Netherlands whilst her mother's family had been early emigrants to southern Africa. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=S9NSyGVutX0C&pg=PA72&lpg=PA72&dq=%22+Johanna+Brandt%22+1876+boer&source=web&ots=JSk80Bc3tM&sig=xfo9Aa8zY2ePlqOOSK7ovgC1_R8&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result Modernity and Religion] , William Nicholls, p72, Papers presented at the Consultation on Modernity and Religion held at the University of British Columbia, Dec. 15-18, 1981, 1987 ISBN 0889201544, accessed 8 August 2008]

Brandt was educated for two years at the Good Hope Seminary for Young Ladies in Cape Town. When her father died in 1897, Johanna and her mother set out for a six-month tour of Europe.

At the start of the Second Boer War in 1899, Johanna volunteered along with three of her brothers. She served as a nurse until the British captured Pretoria, the capital of the Transvaal. The Boers did not immediately surrender, however, and a long guerrilla war began.

It was during this second phase of the Boer War that Brandt, who was living in Pretoria, became active for the Boer cause. She organised women to spy on British officers and hid prisoners who were on the run. It was her actions that led to W.T.Stead running an article in the "Review of Reviews" about the appalling conditions in the Irene Concentration Camp, which contributed to a decline in British public support for the war.

After the war she wrote her own account of the Irene Concentration Camp, but her most well-known book was "The Petticoat Commando", which told of her and her mother's exploits during the Boer War. The book is dedicated to her mother, "As a peace offering for having brought her into publicity in direct opposition to her wishes". [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20194/20194-h/20194-h.htm The Petticoat Commando] , Johanna Brandt, Project Gutenburg, 1913, accessed 8 August 2008] Providentially, the Van Warmelos' house, which they called "Harmony" became a centre for the British occupying force. Johanna (who calls herself "Hansie" in the book) is shown as headstrong, and she and her mother exploit the British estimation of the two Boer women as harmless.Among the high-ranking British officers quartered nearby included Lord Kitchener, Lord Roberts and the Duke of Westminster.

The Van Warmelos were largely left in peace by their "guests". This misplaced trust may have been due to Johanna's brother-in-law, Henry Cloete, who was married to her oldest sister. Cloete was a former British agent in South Africa and had been appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George by Queen Victoria. In their role of harmless civilians, Johanna and her mother were able to collect information on the movements of soldiers and ammunition, and they smuggled this information out using letters written in invisible ink made from lemon juice.

In 1902 Johanna married a minister, Louis Ernst Brandt. She had become so well-known that messages of congratulations came from the leaders of countries.Fact|date=August 2008

World War I

Brandt remained involved in South African nationalist politics. When the British declared war on Germany in August 1914, they transferred the garrison in South Africa to the European front. Several Boer officers, led by Lieutenant Colonel Manie Maritz, seized this opportunity to declare South Africa's independence. When the Maritz Rebellion was crushed by the South African government 6 months later, the Nasionale Vroueparty, or National Women's Party, was formed in the Transvaal. Its purpose was to work to free the rebels and to care for their families, as well as to serve as an auxiliary for the National Party. Brandt served as secretary at the party's first congress, held in Johannesburg. [ [http://academic.sun.ac.za/history/downloads/swart/men_of_influence.pdf ‘Men of Influence’ – the ontology of leadership in the 1914 Boer Rebellion] , Journal of Historical Sociology, Chapter 4, vol. 17, no.1, March 2004]

Health

Brandt published about twenty pamphlets on the subject of natural remedies for health problems. Her most well-known publications are the "The Grape Cure" and "Fasting Book". "The Grape Cure" is said to have been written after Brandt cured herself of stomach cancer. There are a number of versions of this book for sale and on the internet.

Prophesy

Brandt wrote about revelations that were made to her on the evening of her mother's death on 7 December 1917 in Pretoria. She published these prophetic revelations in a book called "The Millennium" in 1918. Her other religious work was the "Paraclets, or Coming Home Mother" which was published in 1936. The works include prophecies for South Africa in which she warns the "tribes" that they must heed their "masters" and of a "dark future". After an alleged angel's revelation in 1916, Brandt is reported to have spoken of South Africans as the chosen race and of Johannesburg being attacked by black people. [ [http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/monographs/no81/Chap3.html 'Volk' Faith and Fatherland: The Security Threat Posed by the White Right] , Martin Schönteich and Henri Boshoff, accessed 8 August 2008]

Legacy

In 2000, the South African Post office created a series of stamps about the writers of the Boer War, including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Winston Churchill. Johanna Brandt appears on the 1.30 Rand stamp together with Sol Plaatje and the Anglo-Boer War Medal. [ [http://www.trussel.com/detfic/safrica.htm Anglo-Boer War Writers -stamps] , Trussel.com]

Major works

* "Het concentratie-kamp van Iréne" (Amsterdam: Hollandsch-Afrikaansche Uitgevers-Maatschappij, 1905).
* "Die Kappie Kommando, of Boerevrouwen in Geheime Dienst" (Amsterdam: J. H. De Bussy & Hollandsch-Afrikaansche Uitgevers-Maatschappij, 1913).
* "The Petticoat Commando, or Boer Women in Secret Service" (London: Mills & Boon, 1913).
* "Die Millenium, een voorspelling" (Bloemfontein, Eigenverlag 1918).
* "The Millenium – A Prophetic Message to the Native Tribes of South Africa" (1918).
* "Die smeltkroes" (1920).

Bibliography

* Rita van der Merwe, "Johanna Brandt en die kritieke jare in die Transvaal 1899-1908" (Pretoria: Protea, 2004), ISBN 1-919825-20-7.
* Annelize Morgan, "Die visioene van Johanna Brandt" (Mosselbaai: Libanon Uitgewers, 1994), ISBN 0-9583779-4-4.

External links

*gutenberg author|id=Johanna_Brandt|name=Johanna Brandt

References