1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane

Infobox Hurricane
Name=Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944
Type=hurricane
Year=1944
Basin=Atl
Formed=September 9, 1944
Dissipated=September 16, 1944
1-min winds=120
Pressure=943
Da

Inflated=1
Fatalities=300 - 400 direct (mostly at sea)
Areas=North Carolina, New York, New England, Atlantic Canada
Hurricane season=1944 Atlantic hurricane season

The Great Atlantic Hurricane in 1944 was an intense Atlantic hurricane sometimes compared to the New England Hurricane of 1938.

Meteorological history

A hurricane was first detected on September 9, northeast of the Lesser Antilles. It likely developed from a tropical wave several days before. It moved west-northwestward, and steadily intensified to a convert|140|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on major hurricane on the 12th, northeast of the Bahamas. Around this time, the Miami Hurricane Warning Office designated this storm The Great Atlantic Hurricane to emphasize its intensity and size, which appears to be the first time a name was designated by the office which evolved into the National Hurricane Center. [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1944.pdf] The hurricane turned northward, where dry and cooler air was entrained into the circulation. It weakened to a Category 2 hurricane on the 14th as it recurved to the northwest, and hit the Outer Banks later that day.

Moving rapidly to the northeast, the hurricane maintained its strength somewhat at the time of its Long Island landfall on September 15, hitting as an convert|85|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on hurricane. Shortly thereafter it crossed the Rhode Island coastline, and after emerging into the Massachusetts Bay it hit Maine, just before becoming extratropical. The non-tropical system continued northeastward, and merged with a larger extratropical low on the 16th south of Greenland.

Impact

The hurricane caused $100 million in damage (1947 USD), roughly one-third of the 1938 hurricane. 390 lives were lost from the hurricane. Most of them were from marine casualties. 46 deaths occurred on land, a low toll due to the well-executed warnings and evacuations.

The last time two intense New England hurricanes occurred so closely together were the Great September Gale of 1815 and the 1821 Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane.

Hatteras

This storm wreaked havoc on Hatteras Island, North Carolina causing the residents to relocate the entire village of Kinnakeet a few miles further south. Just off Oregon Inlet, it sank two United States Coast Guard Cutters, USCGC "Jackson" (WSC-142) and USCGC "Bedloe" (WSC-128), with a loss of 48 men.

USS "Warrington"

The storm was also responsible for sinking the Navy destroyer USS "Warrington" (DD-383) approximately convert|450|mi|km east of Vero Beach, FL, with a loss of 248 sailors. The hurricane was one of the most powerful to traverse the Eastern Seaboard, reaching Category 4 when it encountered the "Warrington", and producing hurricane force winds over a diameter of convert|600|mi|km.Fact|date=February 2007 The hurricane also produced waves in excess of convert|70|ft|m in height. The hurricane and the sinking of the USS "Warrington" are documented in the 1996 book "The Dragon's Breath - Hurricane At Sea", written by Commander Robert A. Dawes, Jr. (a former Commanding Officer of the "Warrington"), and published by Naval Institute Press.

In addition to the "Warrington" and the Coast Guard Cutters "Bedloe" and "Jackson", this hurricane claimed the convert|136|ft|m|sing=on long minesweeper USS "YMS-409" which foundered and sank with all 33 on board lost. Further north, it also claimed the Lightship "Vineyard Sound" (LV-73), which was sunk with the loss of all 12 aboard.

ee also

*List of tropical cyclones
*List of Atlantic hurricanes

References

External links

* [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/greatatlantic1944.html 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane HPC rainfall site]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/11/19409.htm] [USS YMS-409 link]
* [http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/tande/WSC/wsc142-lc.html] [USCG Cutters Jackson and Bedloe link]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/383.htm] [photos of USS Warrington]
* [http://www.mwdc.org/Shipwrecks/vineyardsoundlightship.html] lightship Vineyard Sound link]