- Hovenden Walker
Sir Hovenden Walker (
1656 or1666 –1725 or1728 ) was a Britishnaval officer noted for having led an abortive 1711 expedition againstQuebec City , then the capital ofNew France .Walker entered
Trinity College, Dublin in1678 but failed to complete his course of study, and subsequently joined theRoyal Navy . Walker likely visitedNorth America in1686 , reaching Boston aboard the frigate "Dartmouth".Walker was promoted captain about
1692 . In1701 he joined the fleet under SirGeorge Rooke atCadiz , and shortly afterwards, as commodore, took command of a detachment charged with cooperating in an attack onGuadaloupe andMartinique , which was unsuccessful. This failure did not damage his career, though; in1706 he assisted in the relief ofBarcelona , and two years later was appointed to command the squadron before Dunkirk. In March1711 he was promoted to flag-rank and was also given a knighthood.Expedition to Canada
On
3 April 1711, the new rear-admiral of the white squadron was made commander-in-chief of a secret naval expedition aimed at the conquest of New France. His expedition was to attack Quebec in combination with a land expedition led byFrancis Nicholson .On
30 July , the expedition consisting of nine ships of war, two bomb vessels and 60 transports and tenders, British and colonial, with some 7,500 troops and marines aboard set sail from Boston. On the morning of the 18 August, just as the expedition was about to enter theSaint Lawrence River , the wind began to blow hard from the northwest, and Walker was forced to seek shelter inGaspé Bay . On the morning of the 20th, the wind veered to the southeast, and he was able to advance slowly past the western extremity ofAnticosti Island before it died down and thick fog blanketed both shore and fleet. By 22nd, the wind had freshened from the southeast, and there were intermittent breaks in the fog, but not sufficient to give sight of land. After consulting his pilots, Walker gave the signal to head the fleet southward.Walker had thought he was in mid-stream when he issued the order. In fact, he was about seven leagues north of his proper course, and in the grasp of strong currents which steered his ships towards the northwest. Aided by an easterly wind, the fleet was gradually closing on the “North Shore,” which in the vicinity of Île-aux-Oeufs (Egg Island) runs almost north and south. When a captain reported that land had been sighted, presumably dead ahead, Walker assumed that he was approaching the south shore, and ordered the fleet to wear, and bring-to on the other tack. Not many minutes later he was again summoned from his bed, and hurrying upon deck in dressing gown and slippers saw breakers “all round us.” By that time the whole fleet was heading for the “North Shore,” or more accurately, the coast to the westward; ships in the van were already plunging on the edge of the breakers.
Once recovered from the shock, Walker made all available sail, and stood from the shore towards mid-channel. Up to this time a gale had been blowing almost directly on shore, and had it continued it is doubtful if many of the fleet could have survived. However, in the early morning of the next day, the wind dropped, and this lull was followed by a shift of wind which enabled most of the ships to slip their anchors and escape the shoals on either quarter. Althogether, seven transports and one storeship were lost. Out of a total of 1,390, 740 soldiers (including 35 women attached to the regiments) and probably 150 sailors were either drowned or died from exposure on shore. Walker cruised in the neighbourhood of Île-aux-Oeufs for two days in an effort to save what men and stores he could. Then, following a council of war, he decided to abandon the assault on Quebec.
Later life
Walker returned to London in October 1711, where he was not censured for his conduct in the expedition. In
1712 he was appointed commodore of the squadron inJamaica . He returned a year later to England.References
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