Forward Thrust

Forward Thrust

The Forward Thrust ballot initiatives were a series of bond propositions put to the voters of King County, Washington in 1968 and 1970, designed by a group called the Forward Thrust Committee. Seven of the twelve propositions in 1968 were successful; four of the remaining propositions were repackaged for a vote in 1970, when they were defeated in the darkening local economic climate of the Boeing Bust.Patrick McRoberts, [http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2168 King County voters on Forward Thrust bonds approve stadium and aquarium and nix transit on February 13, 1968] , HistoryLink, January 1, 1999. Accessed online 19 July 2008.] HistoryLink Staff, [http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3961 Voters reject rail transit plan and three other Forward Thrust bond proposals on May 19, 1970] , HistoryLink, September 19, 2002, corrected April 15, 2003. Accessed online 19 July 2008.]

The initiatives were variously under the aegis of METRO (the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle), King County, and the city of Seattle. (METRO and King County merged in 1992; "see Metro Transit (King County).") The Forward Thrust Committee was founded by James R. Ellis and effectively disbanded shortly after the 1970 defeats. It disbanded formally in 1974. [ [http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/papersrecords/ForwardThrustSeattleWash1707.xml Preliminary Guide to the Forward Thrust Records 1966-1970] , University of Washington Library. Accessed online 19 July 2008.] Seattle Mayor Dorm Braman was also a strong backer of the 1968 initiatives.

The US$118 million dollar passed in 1968 in support of the Department of Parks and Recreation was, at the time, the largest parks and recreation bond issue ever passed in the United States. [Citation
last =Jones
first =Nard
author-link =Nard Jones
year = 1972
title =Seattle
place =Garden City, New York
publisher =Doubleday
isbn =0385018754
page = 228]

The failure of the rapid transit propositions meant that a nearly $900 million federal funding earmark that had been secured by U.S. Senator Warren G. Magnuson if local bonds passed went instead to fund Atlanta, Georgia's MARTA.

Results

The elections took place February 13, 1968 and May 19, 1970. Each initiative required a 60% supermajority to pass. The results were as follows; bold typeface indicates successful propositions:

Sources:

Notes

External links

* [http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/papersrecords/ForwardThrustSeattleWash1707.xml Preliminary Guide to the Forward Thrust Records 1966-1970] , University of Washington Library


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Thrust — is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton s Second and Third Laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a proportional but opposite force on that system.ExamplesA fixed wing… …   Wikipedia

  • Thrust reversal — Thrust reversal, also called reverse thrust, is the temporary diversion of an aircraft engine s exhaust or changing of propeller pitch so that the thrust produced is directed forward, rather than aft. This acts against the forward travel of the… …   Wikipedia

  • thrust — [thrust] vt. thrust, thrusting [ME thrusten, thristen < ON thrysta < IE * treud , to squeeze, push > THREAT, L trudere] 1. to push with sudden force; shove; drive 2. to pierce; stab 3. to force or impose (oneself or another) upon someone …   English World dictionary

  • Thrust fault — in the Qilian Shan, China. The older (left, blue and red) thrust over the younger (right, brown). A thrust fault is a type of fault, or break in the Earth s crust across which there has been relative movement, in which rocks of lower… …   Wikipedia

  • thrust — [n1] point of communication burden, core, effect, gist, meaning, meat*, pith*, purport, sense, short, substance, upshot; concept 682 thrust [n2] forward movement advance, blitz, boost, drive, impetus, impulsion, jump, lunge, momentum, onset,… …   New thesaurus

  • forward — forward, forwards 1. For the adjective, the correct form in standard English is forward: • It has four forward gears and reverse controlled by a speed sensing governor Daily Telegraph, 1971 • Already clouds of steam were rising, obscuring the… …   Modern English usage

  • Thrust — Thrust, v. i. 1. To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer thrusts at his antagonist. [1913 Webster] 2. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in. [1913 Webster] And thrust between my father and the god. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 3. To… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • thrust — index emphasis, foray, gravamen, impetus, impinge, impulse, launch (project), onset ( …   Law dictionary

  • thrust — (thrust) a sudden forceful movement forward …   Medical dictionary

  • thrust — thrust1 [ θrʌst ] (past tense and past participle thrust) verb ** 1. ) transitive thrust something into/through/toward/under something to put something somewhere with a quick hard push: He thrust a microphone under her nose. The man thrust his… …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”