Tomb of the Jibei King

The Tomb of the Jibei King (zh-stp|s=linktext|汉|济|北|王|墓|t=漢濟北王墓|p=Hàn Jìběi Wáng Mù) is a tomb from the time of the Western Han Dynasty in Changqing District of Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. It is also known as the Han Dynasty Tomb of Shangru Mountain (zh-cp|c=双乳山汉墓|p=Shuangrushan Han mu). The tomb is thought to have been the burial site of Liu Kuan (zh-cp|c=刘宽|p=Liu Kuan), the last king of Jibei (zh-cp|c=济北国|p=Jibei Guo) who ruled from 97–85BC during the time of the Emperor Wu of Han of the Western Han Dynasty. The tomb was a major archaeological find since it had been untouched by grave robbers. Its discovery was ranked among the top ten Chinese archaeological finds of 1996 by Chinese National Office for Cultural Artefacts.

The City of Lu (thought to have been located near modern Luchengwa in Jinan City about 5 kilometers north of the tomb) served as the capital of the Kingdom of Jibei as well as a cultural and economic center during the time of the Han Dynasty. Liu Kuan, the last king of Jibei was forced to commit suicide for having an affair with his widowed step mother and for cursing the emperor during a sacrifice. The tomb of the King of Jibei was carved into a limestone cliff and covered a total area of 1,500 square meters. It was excavated during the years 1995 and 1997 by archaeologists of Shandong University. More than 2000 artifacts - bronze objects, jade objects, lacquer wares, iron artifacts, ceramics, and gold objects were recovered from the site. Among the jade artifacts, a jade mask made of 18 pieces, jade swords, and jade headrests are particularly noteworthy. Gold artifacts include about 20 gold ingots (so-called "gold cakes", zh-cp|c=金饼|p=Jin Bing) as well as pieces belong to chariots. The discovered artifacts the wealth of the city during this period. If the identification of the tomb as the burial place of Liu Kuan is correct, he had been granted a royal burial despite his disgrace. However, the jade burial suit which was customary for wealthy aristocrats of the period may have been denied to him as a result [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/25/arts/design/25anti.html The Chinese Devotion to What Comes Next, The New York Times, February 25, 2005] ] .The artifacts have been relocated to the Museum of Changqing District (zh-cp|c=长清区博物馆|p=Changqing Qu Bowuguan) in the town of Changqing and the Shandong Provincial Museum (zh-cp|c=山东省博物馆|p=Shandong Sheng Bowuguan) in Jinan.

The tomb has been listed as a monument of the Peoples Republic of China with resolution number 5-168. The archaeological name of the site is "Shuangrushan Han Tomb Number 1" as a second tomb from the same period is located nearby.

References

*任相宏:《山东长清双乳山一号汉墓出土的钱币》,《中国钱币》1997年第2期.
*山东大学考古系等:《山东长清县双乳山一号汉墓发掘简报》,《考古》1997年第3期. The brief report of Shuang Ru Mountain No.1 Han Grave excavating of Chang Qing in Shan Dong 》 (《Archaeology》,1997).
*任相宏《双乳山一号汉墓墓主考略》，《考古》1997年3期10页
*崔大庸:《长清双乳山西汉济北王陵发掘成果的学术意义》,《山东大学学报》1997年第2期.

External Links

* [http://www.luosen.com/en/ww/ww000034.htm Jade mask]
* [http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/shandong/16.html Providing for the Afterlife: 'Brilliant Artifacts' From Shandong (Chariot fitting—yoke saddle ornament, ejiao)]
* [http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/shandong/20.html ebd. (Gold ingots)]
* [http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/shandong/23.html ebd. (Two pigs)]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/25/arts/design/25anti.html?pagewanted=print&position= The Chinese Devotion to What Comes Next]
* [http://baike.baidu.com/view/584042.html Shandong Changjing Shuanrushan Xi Han Jibei wang ling 山东长清双乳山西汉济北王陵] - Chinese
* [http://baike.baidu.com/view/841916.htm Jibei wang mu 济北王墓] - Chinese
* [http://www.history.sdu.edu.cn/english/prefessors06.htm Shandong University]
* [http://www.paragonbook.com/html/browsesubj/fullcitation.cfm?item=14621 Jade Mask of Prince Jibei of Western Han Dynasty Excavated at Changqing, Shandong Province by Ren Xianghong]
* [http://www.51766.com/www/detailhtml/1100039323.html Shuangrushan Han mu] - Chinese
* [http://www.archaeology.org/9709/newsbriefs/china.html Shandong Discoveries]
* [http://www.cctv.com/program/zoujinkexue/20061208/101418.shtml Shuangrushan mizhou] - Chinese