Ellen Spencer Mussey

Ellen Spencer Mussey was born on May 13, 1850 in Geneva, Ohio, United States. Mussey was a lawyer, educator, and pioneer in the field of women's rights to legal education. She was the daughter of Platt Rogers Spencer, a reformer and promoter of the Spencerian Method, the widely used form of handwriting.

Between the age of 12 and the time of her father's death, when she was age 14, she had been an assistant at his penmanship school. Thereafter she took up residence with relatives and attended Rice's Young Ladies' Seminary in Poughkeepsie, New York, Lake Erie College in Painesville, Ohio, and Rockford College in Rockford, Illinois.

In 1871 she married Reuben D. Mussey, a former Union army general and a successful lawyer. Having been denied admission at the law schools of National University and Columbian College (now the George Washington University), Mussey tutored herself in the field of law and underwent legal training in her husband's law office and began to practice law.

Mussey obtained special consideration and was allowed to qualify for the bar by oral examination, which she passed in March, 1893. In 1896 she was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court.

She was approached in 1895 by Delia Sheldon Jackson, an aspiring attorney, to apprentice her as a student of law. Realizing both the scope of the task and the significance of the opportunity, Mussey sought out the assistance of a colleague and friend, Emma Gillett. The two opened the first session of the Woman's Law Class on February 1, 1896. The class had an enrollment of three: Jackson and two other women, Nanette Paul and Helen Malcolm.

Within a few years, the program had expanded and several prominent Washington, DC attorneys were brought in for assistance. Although Mussey and Gillett had not initially aspired to establish an independent law school, when Columbian College refused their request to taken on the women they had educated for their final year of education -- on grounds that "women did not have the mentality for law" -- decided to establish a co-educational law school specifically open to women.

Thus, in April 1898, the Washington College of Law (now merged with American University) was incorporated in Washington, DC as the first law school in the world founded by women.

With Emma Gillett, Mussey founded the Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia on May 19, 1917, and was elected its first President. The WBA was one of the first organizations for women lawyers in United States. In 1919, Mussey also helped to found the National Association of Women Lawyers.

Mussey died on April 21, 1936, in Washington, D.C.