Transport in Tyne and Wear

Tyne and Wear is the metropolitan area which includes all of Sunderland and Newcastle. However, Tyne and Wear is not an urban area as there are large green spaces between Newcastle and Sunderland. There is currently a large transportation system in Tyne and Wear, which includes a metro system, a bus network and an airport. Nexus are the Passenger Transport Executive responsible for transport in Tyne and Wear.

Rail Transport

History

Newcastle arguably had the world's first local railway, the Newcastle & North Shields Railway (N&NSR), which opened in June 1839. The N&NSR opened between North Shields and Carliol Square in Newcastle. It was later extended to Tynemouth, which allowed through trains from the Blyth & Tyne Railway to run. The railway was also extended to Newcastle Central station, which opened in 1845. Most of the railway was closed in 1973.

Metro

The Tyne and Wear Metro, also known simply as the Metro, is a metro system which connects Newcastle to Sunderland. The network opened in 1980, and in 2005-2006 provided 36.6 million public journeys on its route of nearly 78 kilometres (48 miles). A large part of the network uses the old main line on the Newcastle & North Shields Railway.The Metro system currently consists of two lines:
* Green line - Newcastle Airport to South Hylton via Newcastle upon Tyne city centre,Gateshead, Sunderland city centre and continuing on to South Hylton.
* Yellow line - St James to South Shields via North Shields, Tynemouth, Whitley Bay, then looping back on itself and going south via the city centre again to Gateshead, the Jarrow and South Shields.

Current Services

Newcastle Central station is a key stop on the East Coast Main Line. Passenger services are operated by several companies:

* National Express East Coast trains run south to London King's Cross via York, Doncaster and Peterborough; and north to Edinburgh Waverley, Glasgow Central, Aberdeen and Inverness.
* CrossCountry services run south to their Birmingham New Street hub via York, Leeds/Doncaster and Derby and onwards to Bournemouth via Oxford and Reading; Plymouth, Penzance or Cardiff Central via Cheltenham Spa and Bristol Temple Meads; and north to Edinburgh Waverley, Glasgow Central and Aberdeen.
* First TransPennine Express trains run to Manchester Airport and Liverpool Lime Street via York, Leeds, Huddersfield and Manchester Piccadilly.
* First ScotRail operates daily services to Glasgow Central and Stranraer along the Tyne Valley and Glasgow South Western Lines via Carlisle and Dumfries.
* Northern Rail operates local and regional services; north along the East Coast Main Line to Morpeth and Chathill; south along the Durham Coast Line to Sunderland, Middlesbrough and Nunthorpe (plus a limited service via the East Coast Main Line to Darlington and onwards along the Tees Valley Line to [Middlesbrough] and Saltburn); and west along the Tyne Valley Line to MetroCentre, Hexham, Carlisle and Whitehaven.

Sunderland station which opened in 1879. The current regional operator Northern Rail provides an off-peak service of one train per hour between Sunderland and Newcastle in both directions, with many trains also running to the MetroCentre shopping centre, Hexham, Carlisle and Middlesbrough.

The service to Newcastle Central Station is now considered an express service, calling only at Heworth, which is also served by the Metro, but the lines are segregated at this point. The former stopping service (which called at Seaburn, East Boldon and Brockley Whins) is now provided only by the Metro.

In January 2006 new operator Grand Central was granted permission to run four trains per day from Sunderland to London Kings Cross. Grand Central began running services on 18 December 2007.

Air Travel

Newcastle Airport is the tenth busiest airport in the United Kingdom. Destinations served include Galway, Paris, Dublin, Newquay, Plymouth, Toronto, London, Copenhagen, Brussels, Aberdeen, Birmingham, Cardiff, Isle of Man, Southampton, Stavanger, Alicante, Barcelona, Belfast, Bristol, Geneva, Faro, Ibiza, Kraków, Mahon, Málaga, Murcia, Nice, Palma de Mallorca, Prague, Rome-Ciampino, Dubai, Aberdeen, Exeter, Jersey, Limoges, Rennes, Arrecife, Corfu, Cork, Pisa, Rhodes, Tenerife, Düsseldorf, Hannover, Girona, Milan and many more places.

The airport is connected to Newcastle by a half hourly bus service and by metro.

Bus Services

Operating from the hubs of Eldon Square Bus Station and Haymarket Bus Station, Newcastle upon Tyne and the surrounding area has an extensive bus network that is coordinated by Nexus. Buses are operated mainly by Arriva Northumbria, Go North East and Stagecoach North East. QuayLink is a hybrid electric bus service operated to the Quayside.

Road

Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19 heading south past Sunderland and Middlesbrough to York and Doncaster; the A69 heading west to Carlisle; the A167, the old Great North Road, heading south to Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington; and the A1058 Coast Road, which runs from Jesmond to the east coast between Tynemouth and Cullercoats. Many of these designations are recent—upon completion of the Western Bypass, and its designation as the new line of the A1, the roads between this and the former line through the Tyne Tunnel were renumbered, with many city centre roads changing from a 6-prefix to their present 1-prefix numbers.

Water Travel

Newcastle has access to an international Ferry Terminal, at North Shields, which offers services to destinations including Amsterdam, Stavanger, Haugesund and Bergen.