Roeselare

Infobox Belgium Municipality
name=Roeselare
picture=Kasteel rumbeke.jpg
picture-width=260px
picture-



map-
West Flanders
arms=Roeselare.jpg


region=BE-REG-FLE
community=BE-NL
province=BE-PROV-WV
arrondissement=Roeselare
nis=36015
pyramid-date=01/01/2006
0-19=22.38
20-64=58.94
65=18.68
foreigners=1.82
foreigners-date=01/07/2005
mayor=Luc Martens (CD&V)
majority=CD&V, SP.A-Spirit
postal-codes=8800
telephone-area=051
web= [http://www.roeselare.be/ www.roeselare.be]
lat_deg=50
lat_min=56
lon_deg=03
lon_min=07

Roeselare ("Roulers" in French) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Roeselare proper and the towns of Beveren, Oekene and Rumbeke.

The name of the city is derived from two Germanic words meaning “reed” and “open space”, "i.e.", a marsh in a forest glade. Roeselare’s seminary is famous for having hosted the famous Flemish poets Guido Gezelle, Albrecht Rodenbach and missionnary Jesuit Constant Lievens. The city is also home to the Rodenbach brewery.

History

Origins and Middle Ages

Traces of early dwellings have been found in the area, including prehistoric flint tools, Gallo-Roman water wells, and a small 9th century Frankish building. The first mention of "Roslar" dates from a document dated 821 or 822, whereby the former domain of the Menapii, also called the "Rollare" villa in later documents, was given to the Abbey of Elnon. According to legend, Baldwin Iron Arm, Count of Flanders, kidnapped Judith, the daughter of Charles the Bold in 862 in Senlis and brought her to a fortress that used to be where the Castle of Rumbeke stands now. The Roeselare area soon became part of the County of Flanders. The rights to build fortifications and to hold a public market date from 957, during the lordship of Baldwin III.

The city received its charter of freedoms in the mid 13th century, period in which it also built its first city hall and belfry. The manufacturing of cloth was then the main driver of the local economy. Unfortunately, the few defensive walls that the city had were no match against the forces of Maximilian of Austria, who utterly destroyed the city at the end of the 15th century. The market hall and Saint Michael church were rebuilt in the year 1500.

16th century to Waterloo

The center of Roeselare belonged throughout history to the Fiefdom of Wijnendale and therefore fell under the responsibility of the House of Cleves in the 15th and 16th century and under the Dukes of Pfalz-Neuburg in the 17th and 18th century.

The 16th century proved to be disastrous for the city as the Spanish rulers ruthlessly repressed any desire for autonomy in the Low Countries, both political and religious. Iconoclasts stormed the city in 1566 and destroyed most of the sacred art. The Eighty Year's War that followed put an end to the wool supply from England, which in turn resulted in the disappearance of the cloth industry in Roeselare. Starting with the reigns of Archdukes Albert and Isabella, the beginning of the 17th century was a lot kinder to Roeselare. New churches and cloisters were built and old ones repaired. New schools also appeared in the city and the cloth industry found a new life. The second half of the century, however, was marked by the wars of Louis XIV and Marshal Turenne against the Spanish, with further plundering and misery. The Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678 made Roeselare a border city, a situation that encouraged smuggling rather than regular economic development.

The 1700s were a generally prosperous period that saw the construction of the current city hall. In 1794, the area was the scene of a French victory over the Austrians. The victors imposed deep reforms on the country, such as a new legal system (the Napoleonic code) and the curtailment of religious freedoms, which lasted until the Concordat of 1802 between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII.

Modern era

Several members of the Rodenbach family of Roeselare took part in the events leading to Belgian Independence in 1830. Other members of the family became soldiers or diplomats. Pedro and Alexander founded the brewery which is still in operation today. The general economy, however, did not fare very well as mechanization displaced many small artisans. The advent of the railway and the digging of a canal linking the city to the River Lys in the 1860s were beneficial. World War I stopped the economic boom in its tracks as the city became a large camp ground for the German troops fighting on the front lines in neighbouring Diksmuide. By the end of the war, two thirds of the city were destroyed.

On May 27 and 28, 1940, the Belgian army lost its last stand here against the advancing Wehrmacht. This was followed by four years of German occupation, fortunately without too much destruction. The city today is a regional center that provides commercial and media services, as well as a variety of occupations in the food industry, to the surrounding area.

ights

*The rococo city hall on the central market square dates from the 18th century. The city hall, market hall, and belfry are classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
*The Rodenbach brewery was founded in 1821. The tour of the facilities includes an explanation of the process used to make this one-of-a-kind beer style.
*The Renaissance-style Castle of Rumbeke dates from 1538 and is pleasantly located within the "Sterrebos" forest. Now, it houses the company "Busworld". The nearby "Kazandmolen" is the only one of the area’s thirteen windmills to have survived until today.
*A unique bicycle museum can also be visited in Roeselare.

Folklore

Roeselare houses a whole family of giant puppets. The head of the family, Rolarius – who is also the alleged founder of the city – his wife Carlotta and son Opsinjoorke, as well as several other relatives, appear at festivities and carnivals, dancing to the beat of the giants’ song.

Roeselare also houses some kind of folklore around the character named Peegie, he's a slick merchant, and is in a way based on the real character of the town as a merchant town in his early days.

Famous inhabitants

*Jan Himpe, musician, composer famous for the local evergreen 'we zijn van 't oude roeselare'
*Frederik Deburghgraeve, swimmer and Olympic Gold Medal winner
*Rita Demeester, poet and writer (1946–1993)
*Paul Bulcke, businessman, CEO of Nestlé (b. 1954]
*Guido Gezelle, poet
*Albrecht Rodenbach, poet
*Patrick Sercu, cyclist and Olympic Gold Medal winner
*Adrian Willaert, composer of the Renaissance (birth in Roeselare uncertain)

ports

Roeselare is the hometown of soccer team K.S.V. Roeselare who play in Belgian First Division since 2005-2006.

The volleyteam Knack Randstad Roeselare plays the CEV Champions League.

External links

* [http://www.roeselare.be Official city website] , available only in Dutch
* [http://www.rodenbach.be Official site of the Rodenbach brewery] , in Dutch, French, and English