Ziegler Polar Expedition

The Ziegler polar expedition of 1903–1905 was a failed attempt to reach the North Pole. The party remained stranded north of the Arctic Circle for two years before being rescued, yet all but one of its members survived.cite book|url=http://ia360609.us.archive.org/0/items/fightingpolarice00fialuoft/fightingpolarice00fialuoft.pdflast=Fiala|last=Fiala|first=Anthony|title=Fighting the Polar Ice|pages=25|publisher=Doubleday, Page & Company|date=1907] cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=2&res=9A00E0D61738EF32A25751C1A96E9C946497D6CF&oref=slogin&oref=slogin|title=Rescued Explorers Take of Privatations|date=August 12, 1905|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=2008-07-08] The expedition, funded by Anthony Ziegler and led by Anthony Fiala, departed from Tromsø, Norway, on June 14, 1903, aboard "America", who attempted to reach the North Pole. Spending their first winter in Teplitz Bay, Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land, they deposited provisions and coal.

Planning

Anthony Ziegler, who two years before had funded the 1901 Baldwin-Ziegler North Pole Expedition, selected Anthony Fiala, who was a photographer on the previous mission, to lead his second polar expedition.cite book|url=http://ia360609.us.archive.org/0/items/fightingpolarice00fialuoft/fightingpolarice00fialuoft.pdflast=Fiala|last=Fiala|first=Anthony|title=Fighting the Polar Ice|pages=23|publisher=Doubleday, Page & Company|date=1907] Fiala calculated that the food requirements of an eight dog team and driver would be at least 1100 pounds. This presented an issue, as the maximum sled load capacity was 600 pounds. He planned to use the ponies to carry the extra supplies, and to feed the dogs on horsemeat when the supplies dwindled.cite book|url=http://ia360609.us.archive.org/0/items/fightingpolarice00fialuoft/fightingpolarice00fialuoft.pdflast=Fiala|last=Fiala|first=Anthony|title=Fighting the Polar Ice|pages=43|publisher=Doubleday, Page & Company|date=1907]

Isolation and rescue

In November 1903, when severe weather ensued, the ship broke up, destroying the provisions and coal. Some wreckage remained, but it disappeared in January 1904 following a storm.

The following spring, more attempts were made to reach the pole by traveling both east and west, however the conditions were too severe, and open water caused difficulties for the expedition. Provisions ran low, and the expedition headed south, eventually reaching depots at Cape Flora, Cape Dillion, and Camp Ziegler.

William Peters, who was second in command, utilized this time and led the crew in survey work, which resulted improvements to maps and charts.

With the knowledge that rescue ships would be eventually sent to them, the expedition remained hopeful, though expedition leaders struggled to keep them in high spirits.

A rescue party, lead by William S. Champ aboard the Terra Nova, sailed a course direct to the ice fields, and proceeded when the ice condition was favorable. However, on July 24, they encountered thick ice, causing the crew to doubt whether they would reach their destination, or if they would return. However, this wasn't the case, and the ship reached Palmi Island on July 28 and Cape Dillion on July 29, where 6 expedition members were found. More members were found at Cape Flora, and the Terra Nova returned to Cape Dillion, where a sled party was organized, which brought back the crew.

References

External links

* [http://www.south-pole.com/aspp007.htm Arctic Postal History]