HMS Scarborough (L25)

HMS "Scarborough" was a "Hastings" class sloop of the Royal Navy launched in 1930. She saw active service during the Second World War, especially as a convoy escort in the North Atlantic.

Construction and commissioning

"Scarborough" was ordered on 26 February 1929 under the 1929 building programme and was laid down at the yards of Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd., Wallsend-on-Tyne on 28 May 1929. She was launched on 14 March 1930 and commissioned on 31 July 1930 for service in the West Indies.

Pre War

From 1931 onwards, "Scarborough" was part of the North America and West Indies Squadron stationed at Bermuda. The First World War hero, Augustus Agar V.C., was her captain in the early 1930s. Peacetime duties included showing the flag, especially in smaller ports of the Empire, those unlikely to be visited by large warships.

In the summer of 1931 she was in Newfoundland, then a British dominion, sometimes acting as a yacht to take the Governor around to visit smaller ports. She was on this duty again in 1933 and in 1934 took British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald and his daughter up the west coast of Newfoundland to visit the Grenfell Mission at St. Anthony. While a part of the North America and West Indies Squadron in 1933 she visited Prince Edward Island in Canada. There, her then captain, Commander Cornwallis, his officers and petty officers were entertained by Senator Creelman MacArthur at his summer home on Foxley River. During her peacetime cruises she was painted in the foreign station colours of white with a buff funnel.

Wartime modifications

"Scarborough" was disarmed and used as a survey ship on the East Indies Station where she arrived in May 1939. On the outbreak of the war in September, 1939, she put into Colombo for a refit, where she was rearmed with 1 x 4 inch (102 mm) Quick Fire high angle gun, suitable against either surface or air targets. During late 1941 and 1942, she carried a 12 pounder (5 kg) high angle Quick Fire anti aircraft gun and gradually a number of 20 mm antiaircraft guns were added. For anti submarine work," Scarborough" was given 15 depth charges in 1939, later increased to 40 then 80.

Wartime career

Convoy escort

"Scarborough" was nominated to serve in Home waters on completion of her refit, and after passing through the Red Sea and Mediterranean in December, she arrived at Plymouth in January. She was taken in hand for another refit, before being assigned to the Western Approaches Command. She was attached to the 1st Escort Division at Liverpool for convoy escort in February and deployed on her first patrol on 27 February in company with the destroyers HMS "Vanoc" and "Whirlwind", and the sloop HMS "Wellington". They covered the passage of convoy OG-20F to Gibraltar, where "Scarborough" and "Wellington" arrived in early March. She deployed again with "Wellington" and the destroyers HMS "Campbell", "Volunteer" and "Walker" to escort convoy HG-23 back to Liverpool.

C-7

She continued to escort convoys , through the Irish Sea in and out of Liverpool often in company with other sloops. By mid 1940 she was covering the North Western Approaches. She was soon engaged in escorting convoys both in and outward bound to and from Canada and North America. In October she sailed to join the inward convoy SC-7, initially as the sole escort for the 35 ship convoy. The convoy had left Sydney, Nova Scotia on 4 October 1940 bound for Liverpool and other British ports. Although vulnerable to air attack, there was no aircraft protection in 1940 for Allied ships in the Atlantic Ocean after leaving coastal regions. The convoy was attacked by a wolf pack of U-boats and suffered heavy losses, despite the arrival on 16 October of the sloop HMS "Fowey" and the corvette HMS "Bluebell" as reinforcements. "Scarborough" herself came under attack on 17 October by "U-48" and on 18 October by "U-38". The escorts were joined by HMS "Leith" and HMS "Heartsease", but the U-boats succeeded in sinking 20 merchants without loss.

Intercepting German ships and U-boats

"Scarborough" remained deployed on convoy defence into 1941. On 13 March she intercepted the German supply ship "Spichern", which scuttled herself. The "Spichern" had previously been the Norwegian merchant "Krossfon", but had been captured by the German auxiliary cruiser "Widder" in 1940. Also in the spring of 1941, "Scarborough" intercepted and sank two German-manned ex-Norwegian whalers. These had been captured by the German auxiliary cruiser "Pinguin" in the South Atlantic and were being sent to German occupied Bordeaux with their valuable cargo of whale oil. The "Star XIX" was of 360 tons displacement and the "Star XXIV" was of 250 tons displacement.

In April she was escorting a convoy through the North Western Approaches when she, HMS "Wolverine" and HMS "Arbutus" detected and depth charged "U-76" which was forced to the surface and then scuttled. "Scarborough" was refitted in August and joined the 43rd Escort Group covering convoys between the UK and Freetown in October. She carried out these duties into 1942. On 16 April she was involved in a collision with HMS "Bradford". "Scarborough" was refitted again in July, which involved the fitting of a new Radar Type 271 for surface warning.

North Africa

After completing the refit in October she was nominated to support the planned landings in North Africa (Operation Torch). She deployed out of Gibraltar escorting convoys for the rest of the year, moving to the western Mediterranean in January. She returned to the UK in February and was deployed with the 39th Escort Group. On 7 February 1943 "Scarborough" was part of the escort of Convoy MJS-7 when three of its merchant ships hit mines west of Gibraltar that had been laid by a German submarine on 1 February and 2, 1943. The "Emperor Mordred" sank taking 12 crew and 3 gunners down with her, but HMS "Scarborough" rescued the master, 41 crew and 13 gunners. She landed them safely in Liverpool. The rest of the year was spent escorting Atlantic convoys. "Scarborough" was transferred to the 15th Escort Group at based in Belfast in January 1944.

Normandy landings and reserve

In May she was assigned to support the Allied landings in Normandy on D Day in June 1944. "Scarborough" was to follow closely behind British minesweepers and Trinity House vessels which were making a path through the German minefields near the coast of Normandy. She dropped buoys to mark the clear path for the assault convoys. On 7 June she was re-deployed for duty as a Control Ship for Coastal Forces craft. She returned to Portsmouth in July and was then paid off at Hartlepool and reduced to the reserve. She spent the rest of the war laid up.

Postwar

After the end of the war "Scarborough" was placed on the disposal list and sold to BISCO on 3 June 1949. She was towed to Thornaby-on-Tees and arrived at the breakers yard on 3 July, where she was scrapped.

References

*Colledge
* [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-18SL-Scarborough.htm Scarborough's wartime career]