2008 Western Australian gas crisis

The Western Australian gas crisis is a significant and widespread disruption to natural gas supply in Western Australia, caused by a pipeline rupture and explosion at a processing plant on Varanus Island, off the state's north west coast on 3 June 2008. The plant, operated by Apache Energy, normally supplied a third of the state's gas, but shut down for almost two months while a detailed engineering investigation and major repairs were carried out.

In a state heavily reliant on continuous supply of gas for industrial processing, manufacturing, residential use and electricity generation, the sudden loss of almost 35% of gas supply had immediate social impacts, and significant short and long-term economic effects. Many businesses were forced to curtail or cease operations, resulting in workers being stood down or forced to take annual leave and the government requested that businesses and householders conserve energy usage. An emergency coordination committee of government and industry representatives rationed and redirected remaining gas supply sources. When many large gas users switched to diesel for power generation, the risk of a shortfall in the availability of transport fuel led to the federal government authorising the release of emergency fuel reserves stored at the Garden Island naval facility.

The incident raised significant public and political issues related to energy security, adequacy of existing infrastructure, contingency planning, and the role of regulatory agencies. The plant took three months to repair, although partial supplies were restored within six weeks of the explosion. A major investigation was launched by the National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority (NOPSA), with separate investigations conducted by several other government agencies and Apache Energy. A Senate inquiry is currently underway.

Background

Since 1996, Varanus Island, convert|70|km from the Western Australian coast, has operated as a hub for oil, condensate and gas gathering infrastructure belonging to several petroleum joint ventures, including Harriet JV and John Brookes JV. The island's facilities include large tanks where condensate is stored prior to being offloaded onto tankers, and five gas plants. Condensate, water and other impurities are removed from the gas arriving from the offshore platforms connected to the island. Most of the carbon dioxide is removed so the gas can meet the specifications of the onshore pipelines and end users. [citeweb |url=http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/OilandGasReview2008t(1).pdf |title=WA Oil and Gas Review 2008 |publisher=Department of Industry and Resources (Western Australia) |date=2008-04-21 |accessdate=2008-09-13 |type=PDF] Gas from the plant is then sent via two subsea pipelines to the mainland, where the pipelines connect to the Goldfields Gas Pipeline and the Dampier to Bunbury Natural Gas Pipeline. [citeweb |url=http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/PExpGuide_2007.pdf |title=Petroleum Explorer's Guide to Western Australia |publisher=Department of Industry and Resources (Western Australia) |date=2008-04-01 |accessdate=2008-09-13 |type=PDF] Prior to the incident, the plant produced 365 terajoules of gas per day for the state market. [citeweb |url=http://apacheenergy.com.au/incident/Fact%20Sheet.pdf |title=Apache WA Operations |publisher=Apache Energy |date=2008-06-04 |accessdate=2008-09-14 |type=PDF]

The gas plant was licenced under the WA Petroleum Pipelines Act 1969. Responsibility for safety and health regulation under this Act is the responsibility of the WA Department of Industry and Resources (DoIR), which engaged NOPSA to provide services in relation to safety inspections and reporting. [cite web|url=http://www.nopsa.gov.au/media/Q%20and%20A%20-%20Varanus%20Island%20-%20NOPSA%20role%20in%20providing%20regulatory%20support.pdf|title=NOPSA's Role in Providing Regulatory Support|publisher=National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
date=3 July 2008|accessdate=2008-10-02]

Incident

At 1:40pm on Tuesday 3 June 2008, an export gas pipeline ruptured near the gas plant, causing a fire in a large section of the plant. No-one was injured and all employees on the island were moved to a safety point within 20 minutes of the explosion.cite news |first=Elizabeth |last=Gosch |title=WA gas supply cut 30pc by blast at Varanus Island |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23824148-5006789,00.html |publisher="The Australian" |date=2008-06-07 |accessdate=2008-06-29] One hundred and fifty-three staff were evacuated later that day, with 13 staff staying on the island to monitor the situation.cite news |title=Fire ruptures WA gas supply |url=http://business.theage.com.au/fire-ruptures-wa-gas-supply-20080604-2ljl.html |work=BusinessDay |publisher="The Age" |date=2008-06-04 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Chief Executive Officer G. Steven Farris said, "Our priorities are the safety of our personnel, securing the facilities, assuring that the environmental impact is limited to the island and resuming throughput of oil and gas production...No-one was injured, all personnel are safe, and the rupture and fire appear to be contained on the island."

The explosion and resulting fire caused a full plant shutdown, reducing Western Australia's supply of energy by up to 35%. Apache's managing director, Tim Wall, said, "It's pretty easy to say there is a lot of damage here and we are looking at alternatives to try to get gas to market as soon as possible but it will be at least several months before we have partial sales." He estimated it would be at least three months until the plant was at least partially operational, when the less-damaged processing plants for John Brookes and East Spar are brought back online.cite news |title=Explosion impairs Apache gas production |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23823254-5005200,00.html |work=Business |publisher="The Australian" |date=2008-06-07 |accessdate=2008-06-29] The John Brookes and East Spar plants produce 150-200 terajoules of gas daily, compared to 370 terajoules when all plants, including the significantly damaged Harriet plant, were fully operational. Approximately 80-90% of the island's gas is used by industrial customers, with small amounts provided to Synergy, the state's largest electricity company.cite news |title=Gas blast threatens WA mine operations|url=http://business.smh.com.au/gas-blast-threatens-wa-mine-operations-20080604-2lkg.html?page=1 |work=BusinessDay |publisher="The Sydney Morning Herald" |date=2008-06-04 |accessdate=2008-06-29]

Political response

The explosion is being investigated separately by Apache Energy, the National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority and other agencies. The WA State Opposition called for a Royal Commission, with Energy Spokesperson John Day saying, "It's a matter of making sure that this major disaster, which is now facing WA, does not happen again".cite news |title=Opposition calls for Royal Commission into gas crisis |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/19/2279231.htm |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-19 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Western Australian Premier Alan Carpenter said this was unnecessary because the National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority was investigating and it could compromise their inquiry. Carpenter said their investigation will take 10-12 weeks to complete and its findings will be released to the public.cite news |title=Gas probe flawed: Buswell |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/19/2280257.htm |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-19 |accessdate=2008-06-29] State Opposition Leader, Troy Buswell, said the National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority had a conflict of interest as it helped perform safety inspections on the island, and therefore "are conducting an investigation which will in part be an investigation into themselves".

Premier Carpenter held a meeting on Sunday 8 June with key stakeholders in WA's gas industry and announced that gas would be sourced from alternative suppliers, and a coal-fired power station, which was shut down for maintenance, would be brought back online. He also asked domestic users to save energy where possible, as the saved energy could be used by industries in need.cite news |title=Carpenter announces action plan for WA gas crisis |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/08/2268534.htm?section=business |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-08 |accessdate=2008-06-29]

On 11 June 2008, WA Premier Alan Carpenter warned he might need to invoke emergency powers and take control of all of WA's gas and electricity supplies, which would result in rolling stoppages, blackouts and brownouts. Carpenter also said he had discussed accessing emergency diesel supplies stored by the Department of Defence at Garden Island with Acting Prime Minister Julia Gillard.cite news |coauthors=George Megalogenis and Sarah-Jane Tasker |title=WA gas crisis poses threat to economy |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23850377-5013945,00.html |publisher="The Australian" |date=2008-06-12 |accessdate=2008-06-29] The state's Energy Minister, Fran Logan, said the decommissioned Muja AB coal-fired power station at Collie would be returned to service to supply 25 terajoules of gas to industry. He estimated it would take up to six weeks before operational, and said, "These units are old and not as environmentally friendly as new generators. However, the state is facing a significant gas shortage and we need to look at all avenues".

Power consumption will be reduced from 22 megawatts to four megawatts a day at the State Government's water desalination plant in Kwinana, announced Carpenter on 12 June. He said this "will save around about five to six terajoules of energy a day which can be redirected to where it's needed...The decision will not jeopardise water supplies. We are able to switch the desalination plant back on to full production within a few hours ... four to five hours." [cite news |title=WA gas crisis affects desal plant |url=http://news.smh.com.au/national/wa-gas-crisis-affects-desal-plant-20080612-2pl0.html |publisher="The Sydney Morning Herald" |date=2008-06-12 |accessdate=2008-06-29]

On 17 June, two weeks after the explosion, Carpenter made an unprecedented public address on television and radio.cite news |title=Carpenter pleads with WA to lay off the gas |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/18/2278036.htm?section=australia |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-18 |accessdate=2008-06-29]

"Gas is not only a direct fuel source for industry, we use it in our homes and it's used to generate a large proportion of our electricity. While the State Government has the power to guarantee gas supplies to essential services and households, some industries and business have been hit hard. A number of them are being forced to scale back operations and others have temporarily closed.... We need your help. By continuing to work together we can lessen the impact of the gas shortage on our state, on our businesses and our families." – Carpenter, 17 June 2008

David Black, a political analyst, said Carpenter's address shows that the situation is serious: "Probably in terms of the total amount of gas and electricity being used, the community is a relatively small player...But politically, it is so important that they share the burden and that they be aware of the fact that they should be sharing the burden." Opposition Leader Buswell said, " The style over substance approach was highlighted by the Premier's carefully crafted two minute address on television which provided no answers to the crisis, but asked people to turn off their lights, turn down their heaters and take shorter showers", and he called for daily publication of a gas supply allocation for businesses.cite news |title=Gas crisis costing hundreds of millions: Chamber |url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&ContentID=79623 |publisher="The West Australian" |date=2008-06-18 |accessdate=2008-06-29] After Carpenter's address, power consumption fell 2% the next morning, on the coldest day since September 2007.cite news |title=WA gas crisis to hit rest of Australia |url=http://news.theage.com.au/national/wa-gas-crisis-to-hit-rest-of-australia-20080618-2sl0.html |publisher="The Age" |date=2008-06-18 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Carpenter said, "The saved consumption was very, very significant, enough to power the city of Geraldton".

On 18 June, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd told Federal Parliament that Premier Carpenter had established a Gas Supply Coordination Group, involving government agencies and industry representatives.cite news |first=Emma |last=Rodgers |title=Gas crisis serious for all Australians: PM |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/18/2278720.htm?section=business |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-18 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Rudd said the Royal Australian Navy was supplying six megalitres of diesel fuel to WA, and the Federal Government would consider invoking the Liquid Fuel Emergency Act if necessary, enabling federal Minister for Resources and Energy, Martin Ferguson, to control production, transfer and stock levels of crude oil and other liquid fuel. [cite news |first=Brendan |last=Nicholson |title=Rudd warns of WA gas crisis fallout |url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/rudd-warns-of-wa-gas-crisis-fallout-20080618-2sx9.html |publisher="The Age" |date=2008-06-19 |accessdate=2008-06-29]

"This is a serious matter for Western Australia therefore it is a serious matter for all Australians... We believe that is an appropriate level of coordination between the two governments... I think people in the east have not quite caught up with the severity of the impact which this is having across the WA economy. It is huge... If there is a significant impact on WA economic activity and growth and on exports from that state, given the significance to the overall Australian economy, there will be wash through from us all on this over time." – Rudd, 18 June 2008

On 21 June, it was revealed that the state-owned electricity generator Verve Energy continued to use hundreds of terajoules of gas each week, despite having access to diesel fuel.cite news |first=Joe |last=Spagnolo |title=Power stations burning gas, not diesel |url=http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21598,23900988-2761,00.html |publisher=PerthNow |date=2008-06-21 |accessdate=2008-06-29] A spokesperson said the company had not been instructed to cut back its gas usage, and there was "no intention to use very expensive diesel instead of gas, especially when supplies and deliveries of diesel are stretched and Verve Energy continues to receive its supplies of gas from the North West Shelf". Opposition Leader Troy Buswell said, "This is arrogance and hypocrisy of the highest order... They should be substituting gas for diesel, given the fact their plants can run on diesel. Gas could be re-directed to businesses which don't have choice about using gas or diesel." The State Government had also delayed approval of a new gas processing plant for Apache Energy by over six months, only allowing Apache to proceed after the gas crisis commenced and worsened.

The lack of a State Government contingency plan was criticised by Robert Amin, Curtin University's chair of Petroleum Engineering and chair of the Woodside Research Foundation, who said the Government should have stored enough gas in underground reservoirs to power the state for at least one month, to mitigate a potential crisis. Amin said gas could be stored in parts of the Perth Basin depleted of gas, like Dongara, and companies could be offered tax incentives. Federal Opposition spokesperson for trade, Ian Macfarlane, called for a national audit of all gas pipelines, and highlighted the vulnerability of the single pipeline that carries WA's gas from the North West shelf. Macfarlane said, "At the very least this event comes as a wake-up call for the construction of a second pipeline from the North West shelf to supply gas to industry especially in the south-western part of Western Australia."cite news |title=Gas pipeline audit urged to prevent WA-style crisis |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/17/2276637.htm?section=business |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-17 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Professor Dong-ke Zhang, Director of the Centre for Petroleum, Fuels and Energy at the University of Western Australia, said, "I would have thought it was quite silly for a very advanced state like WA that we are not able to cope with an incident like this by not having the ability to divert gas from an LNG plant to the domestic pipeline. At a policy level, the infrastructure needs to be longer term and the Government should encourage major players like Woodside and Chevron to invest in the infrastructure and give the incentives for the industry to come to the party because they get much bigger margins by selling LNG overseas."cite news |coauthors=Peter Klinger, Kate Campbell and Yasmine Phillips |title=Households warned to cut heating |url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&ContentID=79211 |publisher="The West Australian" |date=2008-06-17 |accessdate=2008-06-29]

Repairs and resolution

A statement released by Apache Energy on 13 June 2008 said the company had sourced pipe and valves needed to repair the pipeline.cite news |title=Apache confident of gas plant repairs |url=http://news.smh.com.au/business/apache-confident-of-gas-plant-repairs-20080613-2q4o.html |publisher="The Sydney Morning Herald" |date=2008-06-13 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Apache said it was increasing the number of staff on the island conducting integrity checks, with over 140 staff expected on site the following week. On 18 June, Apache Energy said it had commenced demolition and restoration of the damaged pipeline and expected this to be finished by the end of the following week. The pipe was already in Karratha and valves and fittings from the United Kingdom were expected to arrive in early July.

On 23 June 2008, Apache Energy released a statement that said limited production of 200 terajoules of gas from the East Spar Joint Venture would start by 15 August, with full production expected by December. [cite news |title=WA gas crisis to last six months |url=http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/content/200806/s2283083.htm |work=ABC Rural |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-23 |accessdate=2008-07-26] Also on 23 June, the Muja power station came back online. Western Power spokesperson Ken Brown said the plant will provide "very minimal megawatts because it has been out for many months, not just for pure maintenance, it's had a complete overhaul of the machine and the control, and it's going to take quite a while to commission that, but by next week it will be producing some significant coal megawatts and that's really good." [cite news |title=Power station brought back during WA gas crisis |url=http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/content/200806/s2282702.htm |work=ABC Rural |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-23 |accessdate=2008-07-26] Kwinana Unit 1, a power station located at Kwinana closed for maintenance before the explosion, was reactivated on 8 July. The 110 megawatt station operated at 60% capacity for the first few days before running at full capacity. [cite news |first=Jayne |last=Rickard |title=Kwinana power station back online |url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&ContentID=83528 |publisher="The West Australian" |date=2008-07-08 |accessdate=2008-07-26] Kwinana Unit 1 is expected to free up to five terajoules of gas daily. [cite news |title=Gas crisis starting to ease: Carpenter |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/07/08/2297637.htm |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-07-08 |accessdate=2008-07-26]

Impact

While household gas supplies have been largely unaffected, some businesses have faced higher energy prices, most notably in the manufacturing and mining sectors. The supply disruption was partially mitigated by the availability of alternative fuel sources such as diesel (for power generation), additional supplies of gas from the North-West Shelf plant, and the return to service of coal-fired power generation units.

Overall, the gas shortage has had a large impact on Western Australian industries, particularly mining, construction, and hospitality. Some affected companies have declared force majeure, and others are expected to make large insurance claims. If Apache Energy is found responsible for the pipeline explosion, compensation claims could be made against the company. State Premier Alan Carpenter said the Government will not offer compensation to businesses affected by the energy shortage, because "I don't think that the ordinary West Australian taxpayer would take too kindly to the State Government taking on a massive compensation bill for an interruption to a supply contract between commercial partners". [cite news |title=No compo for gas consumers: Carpenter |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/07/2268086.htm?section=australia |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-07 |accessdate=2008-06-29]

A survey of 301 businesses conducted by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry showed on 18 June 2008 that nearly 630 employees had already been, or could be, stood down or made redundant - nearly 1% of the workforce surveyed. Almost 50% were affected by the gas shortage, with 11 companies already completely shut down. Up to 15% of companies surveyed could potentially close after three months of energy shortages. Chief Economist John Nicolaou said "To the extent that WA represents about 20 percent of the growth in the national economy over the past year, then that means it is going to have broader implications for the national economy. So it's important people around Australia understand the issue is significant from a national perspective, not just WA's perspective."

Macquarie Group economists estimated the energy crisis could reduce gross domestic product growth by 0.25 percentage points in the third quarter, as gas prices increased and the percentage of gas production allocated to export reduced.cite news |first=Scott |last=Murdoch |title=WA gas woes to slow economy |url=http://business.theage.com.au/wa-gas-woes-to-slow-economy-20080619-2tce.html |work=BusinessDay |publisher="The Age" |date=2008-06-19 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Natural gas sales were worth $5.2 billion in the 2006/2007 financial year, and its five year trend growth rate is 16.8%. Chief Macquarie economist Richard Gibbs said, "WA supplies the lion's share of the gas exports. The effect on exports is that as there is a shortage of gas in the system, the capability to export will be diminished because the gas that there is will be directed towards domestic use... The gas exports have been pretty healthy. In the next couple of quarters that will be moderated dramatically if not stalled altogether. I think this will have an impact on the broader commodities side and the trade gap could widen".

Modelling undertaken by the WA Department of Treasury and Finance estimated that the gas crisis would affect Western Australia's exports of chemicals, metal products, textiles, clothing, footwear and rubber and plastic products. Treasurer Eric Ripper said, "In the long term, the disruption is estimated to reduce WA's economic value by $1.8 billion between 2007-08 and 2011-12... this $1.8 billion figure (estimated at 2008-09 values), only equates to 0.2 percent of the economy over the same five-year period." [cite news |title=Gas crisis wipes $1.8bn off WA's economy |url=http://www.wabusinessnews.com.au/en-story/1/64959/Gas-crisis-wipes-1-8bn-off-WA-s-economy |publisher=WA Business News |date=2008-07-24 |accessdate=2008-07-26] The WA Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) released its quarterly report on 10 July, which said, "The gas crisis has already cost the Western Australian economy in the vicinity of $2.4 billion... With gas supply expected to be restricted until December 2008, CCI estimates the overall cost to be around $6.7 billion". [cite news |title=WA faces $6.7b gas bill |url=http://business.smh.com.au/business/wa-faces-67b-gas-bill-20080710-3cxn.html |work=BusinessDay |publisher="The Sydney Morning Herald" |date=2008-07-10 |accessdate=2008-07-26]

The Reserve Bank reported in September that "the disruption is expected to result in a temporary reduction in national GDP growth of around 0.25%, with the impact spread across the June and September quarters".citeweb|url=http://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/StatementsOnMonetaryPolicy/Aug2008/domestic_economic_conditions.html
title=Domestic Economic Conditions August 2008|publisher=Reserve Bank of Australia|date=23 September 2008|accessdate=2008-10-02]

Mining industry

Western Australian-based mining companies may lose hundreds of millions of dollars, because the state is the world's largest producer of iron ore and one of the largest producers of gold and nickel, exporting $48.4 billion of minerals and energy in 2006.cite news |first=Angela |last=Macdonald-Smith |title=West Australia gas supply may be reduced for 2 months |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=aalTQPDrzYQo&refer=australia |publisher=Bloomberg.com |date=2008-06-06 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Three days after the blast, the world's largest mining company, BHP Billiton, said it was assessing the gas shortage's impact, but its iron ore mines at Mount Newman and Nickel West were running normally. On 13 June, BHP Billiton brought forward the closure of its nickel smelter in Kalgoorlie by four months, which increased its gas supplies for its Worsley aluminium refinery. [cite news |coauthors=Sarah-Jane Tasker and Elizabeth Gosch |title=WA gas crisis forces BHP to shut smelter |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,24897,23855121-643,00.html |work=Business |publisher="The Australian" |date=2008-03-13 |accessdate=2008-06-29] A spokesperson for Rio Tinto, the world's third-largest mining company, said the company was prioritising its power usage and using diesel and other alternative fuels for its mines, shipping terminals and railways. The world's third-biggest gold producer, Newmont Mining, said it was "investigating alternative gas and energy sources", and Iluka Resources, the largest zircon producer, shut down its Western Australian operations on 5 June and said it was awaiting advice from power supplier Alinta Gas. Oxiana Limited, soon to be the world's second-largest zinc producer, used standby diesel power at its Golden Grove mine until 6 June, when they obtained an alternative source. Newcrest Mining, a gold mining company located at Telfer, switched to its limited stockpile of diesel fuel. [cite news |first=Felicity |last=Williams |title=Blast disrupts gas supply to miners |url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,23811191-664,00.html |publisher="Herald Sun" |date=2008-06-05 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Fonterra Co-operative Group also switched to diesel power. Minara Resources, the country's second-largest nickel producer, was "using the time opportunistically on plant maintenance", as natural gas was its Murrin Murrin mine's only energy source. Minara Resources predicted that its full-year production would be reduced by 8%. Alcoa, which operates bauxite mines and alumina refineries with Alumina, declared force majeure as a precaution on 11 June. A spokesperson said, "We are continuing production, which is down a bit, and we are fuelling our energy needs with diesel supply... we have enough diesel to last us for weeks, but not months". Alcoa's United States parent company said it expects the company's second-quarter earnings to be reduced by $12-17 million due to the extra cost of gas and diesel.

Woodside Petroleum's North West Shelf Venture has increased production of natural gas to meet Apache Energy's shortfall. Apache's managing director Tim Wall said it was a small quantity of relief; Premier Carpenter said Woodside was providing an extra 50 terajoules of gas per day for the domestic energy grid.

Other industries, businesses and domestic customers

The construction and hospitality industries were strongly affected by the energy shortage. Brick producers Midland Brick and Austral closed their kilns within the first week after the blast, and on 11 June, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry warned that 14% of local businesses could close. UnionsWA said thousands of workers were being stood down or made to take annual leave, and the secretary Dave Robinson said mining, timber, beef, pork, laundries and transport industries workers were worst affected. [cite news |title=Workers affected by gas crisis need more help: unions |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/16/2275298.htm?section=business |publisher=ABC News |date=2008-06-16 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Supplies of gas and electricity to residential customers are protected by state government legislation introduced in 2006.

The impact of the crisis on Wesfarmers' subsidiaries caused a slump in the company's share prices. Wesfarmers managing director, Richard Goyder, said, "At this stage, our best estimate is that the pre-tax impact on group profit will be up to $20 million per month at the current level of gas supply. A portion of that loss is expected to be recovered from insurance". The subsidiaries affected are CSBP, which can no longer produce ammonium nitrate, Wesfarmers LPG, which has delayed commissioning of a new liquid natural gas plant in WA, and Premier Coal, whose sales have been reduced due to the closure of some of its customers, such as Iluka Resources. [cite news |first=George |last=Lekakis |title=West Australian gas crisis hits Wesfarmers earnings |url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,23922808-664,00.html |publisher="Herald Sun" |date=2008-06-26 |accessdate=2008-07-26]

There was speculation in the media on whether the AFL football game at Subiaco Oval on 21 June between the West Coast Eagles and Geelong Football Club should be moved from night to daytime, to avoid using the oval's lights.cite news| co-authors= Aleisha Preedy and Jayne Rickard |title=Eagles Saturday night game likely to go ahead |url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&ContentID=79703 |publisher="The West Australian" |date=2008-06-19 |accessdate=2008-06-29] According to Western Power, the electricity used by the oval's lights for four hours of operation could power more than 1,300 homes, but a spokesperson from the Office of Energy said, "Effectively the amount of energy used to light a game at night is less than what would be used if those thousands of people were at home with lights and other services operating". Western Australian Trotting Association chief executive, Rob Bovell, said if they were forced to move races at Gloucester Park from night to day, they would "probably lose half a million dollars in turnover and our customers would drop by 70 percent. Clearly this would cause major damage to us financially because our business is set up to race at night time. However if we are using energy that is affecting emergency services we will close down tomorrow."

Fifty representatives from shopping centres and office towers met on 16 June to discuss energy-saving ideas. The WA Property Council said "Non essential power including decorative lighting in shopping centres will be switched off. We'll also be looking at chillers and heating systems to ensure they use less power. At the moment we are in winter mode and they are running to heat the buildings so we will have to lower them, while main buildings will look at switching off non essential lifts". [cite news |first=Aleisha |last=Preedy |title=Shopping leaders hold gas crisis talks |url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&ContentID=79037 |publisher="The West Australian" |date=2008-06-16 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Perth's tallest building, Central Park, turned off its heating on 17 June, with General Manager Tim Ward saying, "We're not expecting anyone to be anything but compliant".

Royal Perth Hospital's plans for coping with decreased gas supplies were leaked to the media at the end of June, which showed a 30% reduction in gas would cause phase 1, changing linen "only when soiled" and having "one towel per patient". Phase 2, a further 20% decrease, would result in "reductions in elective surgical procedures", "prioritisation of equipment for sterilisation", sourcing oxygen supplies from interstate and restricting patients' showers to "four minutes, second daily". Further reductions could lead to cancellations in elective surgery, rationing food and transporting "infectious linen" interstate for laundering. [cite news |first=Paul |last=Lampathakis |title=Hospitals hit by gas crisis |url=http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21598,23939196-5008620,00.html |publisher=PerthNow |date=2008-06-28 |accessdate=2008-07-26]

Industrial gas provider BOC reduced its supply of carbon dioxide to pubs for draft beer, whilst the shortage also threatened WA's wineries, who use carbon dioxide for bottling. BOC has given priority to the health industry, which uses carbon dioxide to sterilise equipment and in anaesthesia. The state's other major carbon dioxide supplier, Air Liquide, has also shut down production, leading to fears that WA's largest pork abattoir will close. [cite news |coauthors=Kim Macdonald and Cathy Saunders |title=Cold offices and no tap beer as gas crisis takes toll |url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&ContentID=78796 |publisher="The West Australian" |date=2008-06-14 |accessdate=2008-06-29]

Westpac has offered help to personal customers affected by the gas crisis, by allowing customers to defer home loan repayments for up to three months and restructure loans at no fee, increasing credit card limits and speeding up insurance assessments. [cite news |first=Chalpat |last=Sonti |title=Westpac offers gas crisis relief |url=http://business.watoday.com.au/westpac-offers-gas-crisis-relief-20080619-2tgm.html |publisher=WA Today |date=2008-06-19 |accessdate=2008-06-29] Other banks and credit-lenders have also offered similar assistance to their customers.

enate Inquiry

On 28 August 2008, the Senate referred a number of matters relating to the gas crisis to its Standing Committee on Economics. The inquiry's terms of reference focussed on the economic impact of the crisis (losses faced by business and industry; relevance of contractual arrangements) and government responses (crsis management; emergency measures; alternative energy sources).cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/economics_ctte/wa_gas_08/info.htm
title=Inquiry into matters relating to the gas explosion at Varanus Island|publisher=Parliament of Australia|date=24 September 2008|accessdate=2008-10-02] Written submissions have been made by numerous business and industry bodies, and public hearings in Perth and Bunbury were scheduled for 2nd and 3rd of October. [cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/economics_ctte/wa_gas_08/hearings/index.htm|title=Inquiry - Public Hearings|publisher=Parliament of Australia|date=1 October 2008|accessdate=2008-10-02] Written submissions to the inquiry included claims of unfair allocations of gas, [cite web
url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/economics_ctte/wa_gas_08/submissions/sub06.pdf|title=Written submission by Prime Laundry|publisher=Parliament of Australia|date=15 September 2008|accessdate=2008-10-02] inadequate communications of important information during the crisis, [cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/economics_ctte/wa_gas_08/submissions/sub21.pdf|title=Written submission by Australian Hotels Association
publisher=Parliament of Australia|date=15 September 2008|accessdate=2008-10-02] and the scale of the impact on individual businesses and industries. [cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/economics_ctte/wa_gas_08/submissions/sub16.pdf|title=Written submission by WA Chamber of Commerce and Industry|publisher=Parliament of Australia|date=15 September 2008|accessdate=2008-10-02] The committee was expected to report by 13 November 2008.

References

External links

* [http://www.apache-energy.com.au/incident/incident.asp Varanus Island Pipeline Incident] Apache Energy
* [http://www.nopsa.gov.au/media/ Media Releases] National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
* [http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/4868_5842.aspx Varanus Island Pipeline Incident] Department of Industry and Resources (Western Australia)
* [http://www.energy.wa.gov.au/ Energy Update Information] Office of Energy (Western Australia)
* [http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/economics_ctte/wa_gas_08/index.htm Senate Inquiry] Federal Senate