Phoenix Park

The Phoenix Park ( _ga. Páirc an Fhionn-Uisce) is the largest enclosed urban public park in Europe [cite web
url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/457208/Phoenix-Park
title=Phoenix Park
publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica Online
accessdate=2008-07-27] [Richmond Park in London, England is larger in area at convert|955|ha|acre but is a suburban royal park.] located 3 km to the north west of Dublin city centre in Ireland. It measures convert|712|ha|acre, with a walled circumference of 16 km that contains large areas of grassland and tree-lined avenues. The park is home to a herd of wild Fallow deer since the seventeenth century. The name is a corruption of the Irish "fionn uisce" meaning "clear water". [ [http://www.chaptersofdublin.com/books/Neighbourhood/chapter39.html The Phoenix Park, Castleknock, Clonee and Dunboyne ] ]

Unusually for North Dublin, the park has an even-numbered area code (Dublin 8/D8). All other areas of northside Dublin (except for the adjacent Chapelizod) have odd numbered area codes, and even numbers if on the southside of Dublin.

History

After the Normans conquered Dublin and its hinterland in the 12th century Hugh Tyrell, 1st Baron of Castleknock, granted a large area of land, including what now comprises the Phoenix Park, to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. They established an abbey at Kilmainham on the site now occupied by Royal Hospital Kilmainham. The knights lost their lands when Henry VIII confiscated monastic properties in 1537 and eighty years later the lands once more reverted to the ownership of the King's representatives in Ireland. On the restoration of Charles II, his Viceroy in Dublin, Lord Ormonde established a Royal Hunting Park which contained pheasants and wild deer, therefore it was necessary to enclose the entire area with a wall. It was opened to the people of Dublin by Lord Chesterfield in 1745.

ignificant features

Áras an Uachtaráin

The residence of the President of Ireland (Áras an Uachtaráin) built in 1754 is located in the park. Originally named the Viceregal Lodge where the Lord Lieutenant lived for most the year until the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922.

Zoological Gardens

One of the Dublin's main attractions Dublin Zoo, which houses more than 700 animals and tropical birds from around the world is located in the park. It was founded in 1830 making it the fourth oldest zoo in the world.

Papal Cross

The Papal Cross was erected for the visit of Pope John Paul II in September 1979. Over one million people attended an open air mass in the park at the time.

Monuments

The Wellington Monument (also known as the "Wellington Testimonial") is a convert|63|m|ft tall obelisk commemorating the victories of Duke of Wellington.It would have been even higher if the publicly subscribed funding had not run out.

The phoenix monument is a Corinthian column with a Phoenix bird rising from the ashes at its pinnacle. It was erected by Lord Chesterfield in 1747.

Deerfield Residence

The Deerfield Residence was the former residence of the Chief Secretary for Ireland. It has been the official residence of the United States Ambassador to Ireland since the late 1920s.

The Phoenix Park Visitor Centre and Ashtown Castle

The oldest building in the park is Ashtown Castle, a restored medieval tower house dating from the 15th century. Restoration began in 1989 and it is located beside the Visitor Centre which houses interpretive displays on the 5,500 years of park and area history.

Other places of interest

The headquarters of the Irish national police force, the Garda Síochána, are located in the park. It also contains several sports grounds for football, soccer, cricket and polo.

The National Ambulance Service College is located at Saint Mary's Hospital on the Chapelizod side of the park.

The State Guest House, Farmleigh, adjoins the park to the north-west. The south western corner of the park is known as the Furry Glen and has a series of short walks centred around a small lake with birds, plants and wildlife.

The park is featured prominently in James Joyce's novel, "Finnegans Wake," and tangentially in "Ulysses". It is occasionally used for open-air concerts and the annual Phoenix Park Motor Races.

Motor racing

Motor racing first took place in the Phoenix Park in 1903 when the Irish Gordon Bennett Race Speed Trials were held on the main straight for both cars and motorcycles. This was followed in 1929 by the Irish International Grand Prix; the first of three Irish motor racing grands prix. [ [http://web.archive.org/web/20070324234042/http://www.phoenixparkmotorraces.org/event/index.html PhoenixParkMotorRaces.org "The Event"] (retrieved 7 March 2007)] Racing took place between 1932 until the beginning of World War II in 1939 and was revived again in 1949 with a sprint on the "Oldtown" circuit [ [http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/tracks/phoenixp.html Phoenix Park race tracks] (retrieved 7 March 2007)] followed the next year by a full racing meeting again and has been used virtually continuously until today. Over the years seven different circuits have been used, two of which are named after the famous Ferrari World Champion racing driver Mike Hawthorn.

Irish International Grand Prix winners

Concerts

The park has played host to music concerts over the years including Robbie Williams, Red Hot Chili Peppers, U2, Justice, Kanye West and Tom Waits.

References

ee also

* Gardens in the Republic of Ireland
* Phoenix Park Murders

External links

* [http://www.irish-architecture.com/buildings_ireland/dublin/northcity/phoenix_park/index.html Architecture of key park buildings]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=53.364258,-6.280657&spn=0.174072,0.262927&hl=en Map of greater Dublin showing the placement and size of the Phoenix Park] . It is the large green area west of the city centre, above the word "Kilmainham".
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=53.358338,-6.333447&spn=0.052362,0.116764&t=k&hl=en Satellite Photo of the Phoenix Park]