Yeghishe Ishkhanian

Yeghishe Ishkhanian (January 1, 1886, Shushi – April 28, 1975) was a prominent Armenian politician and statesman, who held high offices in the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh in the beginning of the 20th century. From July 27, 1918 to February 20, 1919, Ishkhanian headed the People's Government of Karabakh. Subsequently he was elected to be vice-president of the National Council.

Early life

Yeghishe Ishkhanian was born in the capital city Shusha (local name: "Shushi"). He was the son of Hovhanes-Bek Ishkhanian, a civil servant in the Customs and Excise, a well-known man in Nagrono-Karabakh and a close friend of Armenian bishop Vahan Ter-Georgian.

Ishkhanian received his primary and secondary education in Shushi and graduated from Yerevan's Diocesan School. After that, he leaved for Petrograd, where he studied at the Agronomic High School until the February Revolution of 1917.

Back to home

In May 1917, Ishkhanian returned to Shushi and actively participated in the organization of the social order and the establishment of a self-government in Nagorno-Karabakh. On 24 December 1917 he was elected to be vice-president of the "Interparty Bureau" (the Provisional Government). Simultaneously he was appointed as member of the "Armenian-Tatar Committee" (which had the chief task to maintain peaceful coexist between the Armenian majority and the Azeri minority in Nagorno-Karabakh, particularly in Shushi).

On July 27, 1918, when the "1st Karabakh Congress" elected the "People's Government of Karabakh" (an independent government in Nagorno Karabakh during 1918-1920), Ishkhanian was elected prime minister.

Administration

The administration of Ishkhanian (1918-1919) was full of political vicissitudes. First the Transcaucasus was occupied by the Ottoman Turks, next the Britain military mission took command there. As the head of the People's Government of Karabakh, Yeghishe Ishkhanian had to enter to negotiations with the new commanders of the region, as well with the government of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. Moreover The People's Government of Karabakh faced an influx of about 3.000 Armenian refugees from the Armenian Genocide and about 5.000 from the village Berdadzor (in the Lachin corridor), which was attacked by Azeri forces in August 1918 [hy icon Yeghishe Ishkhanian (New York, 1966), "Nagorno-Karabakh 1917-1920". (Եղիշե Իշխանեան, Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ 1917-1920). Yerevan, Hayastan Publishing, 1999, pp. 190-194.]

However, they saw as the greatest threat for Nagorno-Karabakh was the government of Azerbaijan's attempst to annex Nagorno-Karabakh. Being a co-editor of the government's official newspaper "Artsakh", Ishkhanian wrote an article on March 7, 1919, entitled "Get your bloody hands off." [Ibid., p. 372.] .

In his speech in the "4th Karabakh Congress" Ishkhanian expressed his concern thus:

Exile

But the new rulers of Transcaucasia were unable to deal with the recalcitrant republic.

On October 1 1918, the Ottoman Turks arrested many of the members of the Government, including Yeghishe Ishkhanian. During the interrogation, not obtaining what they wanted to get from him, they beat him up. [Ibid., p. 257.]

The Britain Mission, which fallowed the Ottoman Turks, brought in fact no better condition for Nagorno-Karabakh, moreover it helped Khosrov Sultanov to get authority over Nagorno-Karabakh. In April 1919 general Shatelwort tried for the last time to persuade the "5th Karabakh Congress" to "temporary recognize the Azerbaijani jurisdiction", but in vain.On June 5, 1919, Ishkhanian, along with two other government leaders, was banished from Shushi.

In Armenia

Following his expulsion, Ishkhanian lived in the Democratic Republic of Armenia. He met with the country's government leaders, in particular Hamo Ohanjanyan, and hold discussion about the Karabakh-issue.

In July he went to Vayots Dzor, and was appointed as secretary of the regional executive branch. He remained there until 1920 and worked with Drastamat Kanayan, Garegin Njdeh and others. In April 1920, after the Bolsheviks had suppressed the February Uprising, many Armenian politicians and officers moved to Syunik. In 1921, after the fall of Mountain-Armenia, they crossed the river Arax and escaped to Iran. Among them was Yeghishe Ishkhanian.

Journal

Ishkhanian spent the rest of his life in New York. In 1966 he recounted the events of 1917-1920 in a journal. He remembered with inspiration the government they had formed, where statesmen of different political ideas worked together, but with pain and regret - the next tragic developments in Nagorno-Karabakh, the destruction and massacre of Shushi, (at the time he had been in Karakilisa), where among many others, his parents were killed. [Ibid., pp. 450, 579, 664-665.]

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