Khalyzians

Khalyzians

The Chalyzians / Khalyzians (also called Khalis/Khwalis: Arabic/khwarezmian, Khalisioi: Byzantine Greek and Kaliz: Magyar - pronounced Kalish), were a people mentioned by the 12th century Byzantine historian John Kinnamos.

Kinnamos in his epitome twice mentiones khalisioi in the Hungarian army. He first describes them as practicing Mosaic law; though whether they were actually Jews is unclear. Other editions state that they were Muslims. They were said to have fought against the Byzantine Empire as allies of the tribes of Dalmatia in 1154, during Manuel Comnenus's campaign in the Balkans.

Prior to the years 889-92 some Khalis and Kabars (Kavars) of the Khazar realm had joined the Hungarian (Magyar) federation that had conquered and settled in Hungary. Another group had joined the Pechenegs. Al-Bakri (1014-1094) states that around 1068 A.D. there were considerable numbers of al-Khalis amongst the nomadic Muslim Pechenegs (Hungarian: Besenyő), that lived around the southern steppes of Russia.

He also mentions that the original al-Khalis living within the khazar realm may have been foreign slaves from Byzantine Constantinople and/or other lands. The Pechenegs gave them the choice of staying in their country, where they could inter-marry or leave for another country of their choice. Anna Komnena in her Alexiad mentions a Besenyő chief named Khalis.
Abraham Harkavy hypothesized that the Khalyzians were refugees fleeing the destruction of their khaganate by the Kievan Rus in the 960s CE and the Pecheneg influx which followed in the 970's. A contemporary of Harkavy's, the Polish historian August Bielkowski, suggested that the Khalyzians were identical with the tribe known in Russian sources as the Khvalisy; hence they may have been connected to the Arsiya. The maternal ancestors of the great aristocratic Pecheneg-Hungarian family Aba, to which the Hungarian king Samuel Aba (1041-7) belonged, were according to Hungarian chronicles of Khwarazmian origin ("de gente Corosmina, de Corosminis orta").

The Khwarezmian connection:

Khwarezm is a city in present day Uzbekistan, in the former Persian province of Khorasan. Since it was part of the silk road, it was known internationally, and had several different names in several different languages, including Byzantine Greek who called the products of this city "khalisios", which was masculine for "of the city of khalis."

A province of the Lower Volga:

The province of Khwalis (Khwali-As) on the lower Volga, was the realm of the trading Eastern Iranians; its twin city Amol/Atil, also called Sariycin/Khamlikh. It was ruled by a governor with the title of Tarkhan As-Tarkhan.

Source: Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Volume II, Number 3, September 1978, p.262 (Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts).

Links to the Kalas(h) surname:

Ancestry.com surname meaning search for Kalas:

1. Hungarian (Kalász): ethnic name for a member of a Turkic people known as the Kaliz.

2. Czech and Slovak (Kalaš): from the personal name Kála.

3. Finnish: unexplained.

Towns named after the Kaliz:

Kalasz (Hungary/Slovakia), Kalisz/Kalisch (Poland), Kalasë (Albania) and numerous places in Russia (Kalasevo: Respublika Mordoviya), Iran (Kalash Garan: Ostan-e Lorestan), Afghanistan (Kalizeh: Velayat-e Helmand) and Punjab Pakistan (Kalis/Kalas).

ources

* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=343&letter=C&search=Chalyzians 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Khazars — Kazar redirects here. For the Marvel Comics character, see Ka Zar. For the village in Azerbaijan, see Xəzər. For Khazar University, see Khazar University. Khazaria Eastern Tourkia Khaganate …   Wikipedia

  • Taksony of Hungary — Taksony (? ndash; before 972), Grand Prince of the Magyars (c. 955 before 972).Taksony was the son of Zoltán (Zaltas), the fourth son of Árpád, the second Grand Prince of the Magyars. The Gesta Hungarorum mentions that his mother was a daughter… …   Wikipedia

  • Khvalisy — The Khvalisy were a tribe mentioned in old Russian chronicles. August Bielkowski conjectured that Khvalisy referred to the same people called Khalyzians by the Byzantine chroniclers. Other scholars believe that Khvalisy refers to Khazaran, the… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”