Spanish cruiser Don Juan de Austria

"Don Juan de Austria" was a "Velasco"-class unprotected cruiser of the Spanish Navy that fought in the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War.

Technical Characteristics

"Don Juan de Austria" was built at the naval shipyard at Cartagena, Spain. Her keel was laid in 1883, she was launched on 23 January 1887, and she was completed in 1888 or 1889. She had one rather tall funnel. She had an iron hull and was rigged as a barque.

Operational History

When the Spanish-American War broke out in April 1898, "Don Juan de Austria" part of the Pacific Squadron of Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón in Manila Bay.

At 1100 hours on 25 April 1898, "Don Juan de Austria" and five other ships of the squadron set out for Subic Bay, where Montojo hoped to take advantage of minefields and shore batteries in the likely event of an attack by U.S. Navy forces on his squadron. Arriving there, Montojo found that few of the mines had been laid and the shore batteries had not yet been mounted. At 1030 hours on 29 April 1898, "Don Juan de Austria" and Montojo's other ships departed Subic Bay to return to Manila Bay, where shore batteries could support Montojo's squadron and where the shallow water might reduce the loss of life if the Spanish ships were sunk. The squadron anchored later that day in Cañacao Bay off Sangley Point, in the lee of the Cavite Peninsula, about eight miles southeast of Manila. "Don Juan de Austria" made a quick trip to Manila to procure small craft, such as lighters, small boats, and barges, to be tied up alongside cruiser "Castilla" to protect her wooden hull from hostile gunfire.

When the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey attacked, early on the morning of 1 May 1898 in the Battle of Manila Bay, "Don Juan de Austria" was at the extreme end of Montojo's line and at 0445 hours was the first Spanish ship to sight the approaching American warships. Dewey's squadron made a series of slow firing passes at the Spanish squadron.

"Don Juan de Austria" got underway in an unsuccessful attempt to close with the American warships. Although suffering increasing damage as more and more American shells struck her, she came to the aid of "Castilla" when "Castilla" was burning out of control and had to be abandoned. When Montojo's flagship, unprotected cruiser "Reina Cristina", also was knocked out of action, Dewey's squadron concentrated its fire on "Don Juan de Austria". With her hull riddled and her steering wrecked, she was scuttled in shallow water, coming to rest on the bottom with her upper works above water. After the battle, a boarding party from gunboat USS "Petrel" went aboard and set the wreck of "Don Juan de Austria" on fire.

After the war, the U.S. Navy raised and salvaged "Don Juan de Austria" and commissioned her into the U.S. Navy in 1900 as gunboat USS "Don Juan de Austria".

References

*Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Eds. "Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905." New York, New York: Mayflower Books Inc., 1979. ISBN 0831703024.
*Nofi, Albert A. "The Spanish-American War, 1898". Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:Combined Books, Inc., 1996. ISBN 0938289578.

External links

* [http://www.spanamwar.com/Donjuanaustria.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Don Juan de Austria"]
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/spain/spsh-ag/d-austr.htm Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected
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