Sterculiaceae

Sterculiaceae is a botanical name for a group of flowering plants at the rank of family, which is now widely considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, the circumscription, status and placement of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view. The family name is based on the genus "Sterculia".

As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, and Tiliaceae comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized. Sterculiaceae may be separated from Malvaceae "sensu stricto" by the smooth surface of the pollen grains and the bilocular anthers.

Numerous phylogenetic studies have revealed that Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae as traditionally defined are cladistically polyphyletic and the current status of each of these families is in doubt. The APG and APG II systems unite Bombacaceae, Malvaceae "sensu stricto", Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae into a more widely circumscribed Malvaceae, i.e., Malvaceae "sensu lato". In that view the taxa formerly classified in Sterculiaceae are treated in the subfamilies Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae of the Malvaceae "sensu lato". The Thorne system takes an intermediate approach in combining the bulk of the traditional Sterculiaceae (but not including "Sterculia" itself) with elements of the traditional Tiliaceae to form the family Byttneriaceae.

Sterculiaceae had previously been recognized as a family by most systematists; in its traditional sense the family includes about 70 genera, totalling around 1,500 species of tropical trees and shrubs. The most famous products of the family are chocolate and cocoa from "Theobroma cacao", followed by cola nuts. Many species yield timber.

Genera

References

* Whitlock, B. A., C. Bayer, and D. A. Baum. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships and Floral Evolution of the Byttnerioideae ("Sterculiaceae" or Malvaceae s.l.) Based on Sequences of the Chloroplast Gene, "ndhF". "Systematic Botany" 26: 420–437 (abstract online [http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0363-6445&volume=026&issue=02&page=0420 here] ).
* Wilkie, P., Clark, A., Pennington, R. T., Cheek, M., Bayer, C. & Wilcock, C. C. (2006).Phylogenetic Relationships within the Subfamily Sterculioideae (Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae-Sterculieae) Using the Chloroplast Gene ndhF. "Systematic Botany" 31(1):160-170.
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/sterculi.htm Sterculiaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards)] "The families of flowering plants: descriptions".
* [http://www.rbge.org.uk/rbge/web/science/research/tropdivers/stercul.jsp Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae - Sterculieae] at the [http://www.rbge.org.uk Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]