Spanish cruiser Reina Mercedes

"Reina Mercedes", was an "Alfonso XII"-class unprotected cruiser of the Spanish Navy.

During the Spanish-American War, "Reina Mercedes" was captured by the United States and later salvaged and commissioned into the U.S. Navy. For information about her characteristics and operational history in U.S. Navy service, see USS "Reina Mercedes".

Technical Characteristics

"Reina Mercedes" was built by the naval shipyard at Cartagena and launched on 9 September 1887. [ "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", page 384; [http://www.spanamwar.com/reinam.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Reina Mercedes"] claims the launch date was 12 September 1887 ] She had two funnels. Her main armament was built by Hontoria and sponson-mounted. Her five torpedo tubes all were fixed; two were forward, one was on each beam, and one was aft. Although unprotected and therefore lacking armor, she had 12 watertight compartments built in a French-style cellular system to help her resist flooding. [ "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", page 384 ] She was designed for colonial service, with high speed and moderate armament, but in practice chronic machinery problems made her a relatively slow steamer. [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/reinam.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Reina Mercedes"] ]

Operational History

"Reina Mercedes" spent her early years in Spanish waters as part of the Spanish Navy's Instructional Squadron. In 1893 she was transferred to the Caribbean, where she became flagship of Spanish naval forces operating in Cuban waters. When the Spanish-American War broke out in April 1898, she was in the harbor at Santiago de Cuba, on Cuba's southeastern coast, awaiting repair, with seven of her ten boilers out of commission.

Little of military significance happened at Santiago de Cuba until Vice Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete's squadron arrived there from Spain to reinforce Spanish forces in the Caribbean on 19 May 1898. U.S. Navy forces hunting Cervera found him there on the evening of 27 May 1898, and a 37-day blockade of the harbor ensued.

During the blockade, "Reina Mercedes" traded blows with the American blockaders. On 3 June 1898, the U.S. Navy attempted to trap the Spanish ships in the harbor by sinking the collier USS "Merrimac" in the entrance channel. Spanish shore batteries disabled "Merrimac", and she drifted up the channel toward the anchored Spanish warships; "Reina Mercedes", cruiser "Vizcaya", and destroyer "Pluton" opened fire on "Merrimac" as well, and the collier soon sank in a position which did not block the channel. "Reina Mercedes" took aboard as prisoners of war the eight Americans who had been aboard "Merrimac".

On 6 June 1898, the blockading U.S. warships bombarded the harbor, hitting "Reina Mercedes" 35 times, starting two fires aboard her, and killing her second-in-command, Commander Emilio Acosta y Eyermann, [ Nofi, p. 163, claims that armored cruiser "Infanta Maria Teresa" took this damage and suffered the loss of her executive officer, but Cervera's papers, p. 101, and [http://www.spanamwar.com/reinam.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Reina Mercedes"] both confirm it to have been "Reina Mercedes" ] the first Spanish naval officer to die in the war. [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/reinam.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Reina Mercedes"] ]

[
Santiago de Cuba.] By the beginning of July 1898, U.S. Army forces advancing overland seemed to be on the verge of capturing Santiago de Cuba, prompting Cervera to order his squadron to attempt an escape by running the blockade. "Reina Mercedes" could not follow because of her boiler problems. It was decided that most of her guns would be placed ashore to aid in the defense of Santiago de Cuba and that she would be sunk in the entrance channel to prevent her capture and to improve the harbor's defenses by preventing American ships from entering it.

On 3 July 1898, Cervera's squadron attempted its escape, and was completely destroyed in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba. At about 2000 hours on 4 July 1898, "Reina Mercedes," by now without most of her guns, slipped her moorings and proceeded into the channel. Just before midnight, battleship USS "Massachusetts" spotted her and, together with battleship USS "Texas" opened fire. Although "Reina Mercedes" took may hits, her scuttling crew stayed on course, dropped anchor, and detonated their scuttling charges, but "Reina Mercedes" drifted to the eastern edge of the channel before sinking, going down in a location that failed to block the channel.

The Spanish took some consolation in the belief that she at least was beyond capture and salvage, but between 2 January 1899 and 1 March 1899, the U.S. Navy raised her and later put her into service as the disarmed receiving ship USS|Reina Mercedes|IX-25.

ee also

* USS "Reina Mercedes" (IX-25)

Notes

References

*Cevera y Topete, Pascual, Ed. "Office of Naval Intelligence War Notes No. VII: Information From Abroad: The Spanish-American War: A Collection of Documents Relative to the Squadron Operations in the West Indies, Translated From the Spanish". Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1899.
*Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Eds. "Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905." New York, New York: Mayflower Books Inc., 1979. ISBN 0831703024.
*Nofi, Albert A. "The Spanish-American War, 1898". Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:Combined Books, Inc., 1996. ISBN 0938289578.

ee also

USS|Reina Mercedes|IX-25.

External links

* [http://www.spanamwar.com/reinam.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Reina Mercedes"]
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/spain/spsh-mr/r-merced.htm Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected
]