1991 in chess

Events in chess in 1991;

Top players

FIDE top 10 by Elo rating - January 1991

# Garry Kasparov URS 2800
# Anatoly Karpov URS 2725
# Boris Gelfand URS 2700
# Vassily Ivanchuk URS 2695
# Evgeny Bareev URS 2650
# Mikhail Gurevich URS 2650
# Jan Ehlvest URS 2650
# Leonid Yudasin URS 2645
# Valery Salov URS 2645
# Alexander Beliavsky* URS 2640

(*) Beliavsky was tied with Ulf Andersson, Alexander Khalifman and Gata Kamsky

Chess news in brief

*The World Championship Candidates' quarter-final line-up comprises Viswanathan Anand, Boris Gelfand, Vassily Ivanchuk, Anatoly Karpov, Viktor Korchnoi, Nigel Short, Jan Timman and Artur Yusupov. All matches are played in Brussels, where Anand comes close to defeating Karpov, but loses 3½-4½, Gelfand is beaten by Short 3-5, Ivanchuk loses out to Yusupov 4½-5½ after two tie-break games and Timman convincingly beats an out-of-form Korchnoi 4½-2½.
*The Women's Candidates' Tournament requires a tie-break to separate joint winners Xie Jun and Alisa Maric. In a match that moves from Belgrade to Beijing, Xie Jun wins 4½-2½ and advances to face Maia Chiburdanidze for the Women's World Chess Championship in Manila. The Chinese challenger continues to impress and captures the world title by a score of 8½-6½.
*Garry Kasparov wins a strong double-round Tilburg event with 10/14, one-and-a-half points clear of second placed Short.
*Ivanchuk wins at the Linares tournament with 9½/13, ahead of Kasparov on 9/13.
*Valery Salov and Short share victory at Amsterdam's 5th Euwe Memorial with 6/9, ahead of Karpov and Kasparov with 5½/9. All four players go through the tournament unbeaten.
*In the first tournament of the second World Cup, Ivanchuk and Karpov are winners at Reykjavik with 10½/15. The World Cup is then abandoned, when Kasparov and Karpov are refused their requests for appearance fees and create an impasse. It is a sad conclusion to an exciting new series of events and heralds a decline in the fortunes of the Grandmasters Association (GMA). The World Cup branding is however resurrected much later.
*Karpov finishes on top at the double-round, 33rd Reggio Emilia tournament, held at the 1990/91 year end. His winning score of 7½/12 narrowly eclipses Lev Polugaevsky in second place, with 7/12.
*Gelfand is victorious at Belgrade with 7½/11, ahead of Gata Kamsky and John Nunn on 7/11.
*A double-rounder at Biel is won by Alexei Shirov (9½/14), with Evgeny Bareev in second place on 8½/14.
*Nunn wins at Wijk aan Zee, in the 53rd 'Hoogovens' tournament, with 8½/13. It is Nunn's second successive win. Second place (8/13) is shared by Michael Adams, Alexander Khalifman, Alexander Chernin and Curt Hansen.
*Larry Christiansen is successful at a strong tournament in Munich, his 9½/13 being a clear point-and-a-half ahead of second place. With wife Natasha, he moves to Germany to set up a temporary base, as he is spending increasing time playing in Europe. His Munich winning margin is later repeated at the Vienna International, where he finishes with 7½/9, ahead of Vladimir Epishin on 6/9.
*Bareev completes the first of three memorable, consecutive victories at the Hastings International Chess Congress.
*Timman wins the 2nd Trophée Immopar, held in Paris. The tournament comprises a rapid chess format of 25 minutes per player for the entire game.
*Grigory Sanakoev becomes the 12th World Correspondence Chess Champion.
*Vladimir Akopian of Armenia becomes the 30th World Junior Chess Champion in Mamaia, Romania.
*Judit Polgar wins the Hungarian Chess Championship and breaks Bobby Fischer's record, by becoming the youngest Grandmaster in the history of chess. She is awarded the title at 15 years, 4 months and 28 days.
*Artashes Minasian is the surprising winner of the 58th and final USSR Chess Championship. A symbolic entry of sixty-four contains many future stars, such as Vladimir Kramnik, Alexei Shirov and Sergei Tiviakov. Kramnik, at just sixteen, is the newly crowned Under-18 World Youth Champion. At the other end of the spectrum, Mikhail Tal participates, but is desperately unwell and sadly, it turns out to be one of his last tournaments.
*Kamsky wins the US Chess Championship in Los Angeles.
*The Women's Interzonal tournament, held in Subotica, is shared by Nona Gaprindashvili and Peng Zhaoqin.
*Joel Benjamin wins the 19th World Open at Philadelphia and the American Open at Los Angeles.
*Shirov wins the 15th Lloyds Bank Masters in London.
*The first World Senior Chess Championship is held in Bad Worishofen. The men's title is won by Vasily Smyslov and the women's by Eve Karakas. Competitors have to be at least 60 years old on January 1st of the year the event is held.
*Eugenio Torre wins the Pan-Pacific International.
*China wins the 9th Asian Games Team Championship in Penang, Malaysia.
*ChessMachine wins the World Microcomputer Chess Championship held in Vancouver.

Births

*Tan Zhongyi, Chinese prodigy, World Youth Champion for Girls at U-10 (twice) and U-12 - November 5
*Ju Wenjun, Chinese player in FIDE's list of World Top 10 Girls - January 31

Deaths

*Osmo Kaila, Finnish International Master, twice the national champion - June 3
*Brian Reilly, Irish chess player, writer and long time editor of British Chess Magazine - December 29
*Gia Nadareishvili, Georgian chess composer and author - October 3

References

*cite book | author=Burgess, Graham | title=Chess Highlights of the 20th Century | publisher=Gambit Publications | year=1999 | id=ISBN 1901983218
* [http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/history.txt Chess History & Chronology - Bill Wall]
* [http://www.olimpbase.org Olimpbase - Olympiads and other Team event information]
* [http://chess.eusa.ed.ac.uk/Chess/Trivia/AlltimeList.html FIDE rating list data 1970-97]
* [http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9193$cix.htm Mark Weeks' men's world championship pages]
* [http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/wcc-womn.htm Mark Weeks' women's world championship pages]
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE7DA1431F935A15752C1A967958260 NY Times (Byrne) reports Christiansen's successes]