Amphionides

Taxobox | name = "Amphionides reynaudii"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
subphylum = Crustacea
classis = Malacostraca
superordo = Eucarida
ordo = Amphionidacea
ordo_authority = D. I. Williamson, 1973
familia = Amphionididae
familia_authority = Holthuis, 1955
genus = "Amphionides"
genus_authority = Zimmer, 1904
species = "A. reynaudii"
binomial = "Amphionides reynaudii"
binomial_authority = (H. Milne–Edwards, 1833)
synonyms = "Amphion reynaudii" H. Milne–Edwards, 1833

"Amphionides reynaudii" is the sole representative of the Order Amphionidacea, and is a small (less than one inch long) planktonic crustacean found throughout the world's tropical oceans, mostly in shallow waters. Morphologically, "Amphionides" is somewhat unusual, with many body parts being reduced or absent. For example, it has only one pair of mouthparts — the maxillae — the mandibles and maxillules being absent.

exual dimorphism

Males and females differ in the form of the antennae, and also by the presence in males of the eighth thoracic appendage, albeit in a reduced form. This is the site of the male gonopore (the female's gonopore is on the sixth thoracic appendage). The first pleopod of the female is greatly enlarged and almost encloses the enlarged carapace. This is assumed to be a chamber in which the eggs are fertilised and retained until hatching. The more streamlined carapace and pleopods of the male make it more hydrodynamic, and so fewer males are caught than females.

Classification

Originally described from its larvae, "Amphionides" was originally thought to be a shrimp. It was not until 1969 that the adult form was observed to be that described by Zimmer in 1904, and only in 1973 was "Amphionides" placed in its own order by Donald I. Williamson. The specific epithet "reynaudii" was given by Henri Milne-Edwards in honour of a friend of his, possibly Count François Dominique Reynaud de Montlosier (1755–1838).

References

*cite journal | quotes=no |author=D. I. Williamson |year=1973 |title="Amphionides reynaudii" (H. Milne Edwards), representative of a proposed new order of Eucaridan Malacostraca |journal=Crustaceana |volume=25 |pages=35–50 |doi=10.1163/156854073X00470