Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House

Infobox_nrhp | name =Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House
nrhp_type = nhl


caption = Front elevation and side profile of house, 2008
location= 17 Broadway, Newport, Rhode Island
lat_degrees = 41
lat_minutes = 29
lat_seconds = 27
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 71
long_minutes = 18
long_seconds = 48
long_direction = W
locmapin = Rhode Island
area =
built = ca. 1697
architect= Stephen Mumford
architecture= Colonial, Georgian, other
designated= October 09, 1960cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=18&ResourceType=Building
title=Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House |accessdate=2008-04-22|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service]
added = October 15, 1966cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2007-01-23|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]
governing_body = Newport Historical Society
refnum=66000016The Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House is the oldest surviving house in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Built ca. 1697, it is also one of the oldest surviving houses in the state.cite web|title=NHS/The Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House|url=http://www.newporthistorical.org/sites_wlhh.htm|publisher=Newport Historical Society|accessdate=2008-04-23] It is located at the corner of Broadway and Stone Street, in the downtown section of the city in the Newport Historic District.

The house "was damaged by Stamp Act riots in 1765 when occupied by a Tory Stampmaster."

The house has passed through several owners since its construction, and has been renovated and improved by some of them. The three for whom it is named were not the first, but they were members of a family, related by marriage that owned it for over a century, from shortly before the Revolution to 1911. Since the 1920s it has been owned by the Newport Historical Society (NHS), which renovated it and converted it to a historic house museum. In 1960 it was among the first National Historic Landmarks designated by the Department of the Interior.

Building

Today the house is a five-bay wooden clapboard structure with a high peaked roof that slopes down in the rear and plaster cornice. It is painted a historic shade of dark red, except for a white door and entryway with pilasters and a small pediment.
[
dormer windows later removed]

History

Stephen Mumford, a Sabbatarian and merchant, built the house in the late 17th century as a simple two-story structure with one room on either side of a central chimney. His son sold it to Richard Ward, a lawyer and governor of Rhode Island, in the early 18th century. Sometime before 1725, a lean-to-styled kitchen was built on the north side of the house.

Martin Howard, Jr., a lawyer and Loyalist (Tory) owned the house afterwards. He decorated the house with molding and paneling inside. He fled in 1766 following the Stamp Act Riots, during which he was hanged in effigy as a reaction to his coauthorship of a pamphlet criticizing the opponents of the Act for their disrespect to the Crown and Parliament. The house was slightly damaged by an angry mob.

A Quaker merchant, John Wanton, bought the house at auction later that year. In 1782 his son-in-law Daniel Lyman, a Revolutionary major, inherited it. Three years later he added the rear wing to accommodate his growing family. From him it passed to Benjamin Hazard, who had married another of Wanton's daughters in 1807. The Hazard family sold the property in 1911, after Mary Hazard, Benjamin's last surviving daughter, died. The building then fell into disrepair and remained vacant.

In 1927, the Newport Historical Society purchased it and renovated it with the help of colonial architectural renovationist and historian, Norman Isham. He and the Society chose to renovate it in a combination of several of the period styles it had passed through. That resulted in removing the rear wing and restoring the upstairs bedroom to its original appearance.

The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.citation|title=PDFlink| [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/66000016.pdf National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Wanton-Lyman-Hazard] |32 KB|date=January 10, 1975 |author=Patricia Heintzelman and Charles E. Shedd, Jr. |publisher=National Park Service and PDFlink| [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/66000016.pdf "Accompanying seven photos, exterior and interior, from 1974"] |32 KB]

In 1995, a Preliminary Historic Structure Report was done, allowing the historical society to get grants for another renovation and stabilization. The four-year project was finished in 2001. During that time, the NHS had also agreed to work with the Newport Garden Club to restore the original grounds and plantings. Archeological research conducted on the property for that project has led to some newer revelations about the house. Among them was an interior and exterior paint analysis, which has led to the house's paint scheme being adjusted.

References

External links

* [http://www.newporthistorical.org/sites_wlhh.htm Newport Historical Society house page]
* [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.ri0088 Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House, 17 Broadway, Newport, Newport County, RI: 16 photos, 12 drawings, and supplemental material] , at Historic American Building Survey