Electron beam machining

Electron beam machining

Electron-Beam Machining (EBM) is a machining process where high-velocity electrons are directed toward a work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Applications of this process are annealing, metal removal, and welding (see Electron Beam Welding). EBM can be used for very accurate cutting of a wide variety of metals. Surface finish is better and kerf width is narrower than those for other thermal cutting processes.

Process

EBM machines utilize voltages in the range of 50 to 200 kV to accelerate electrons to 200,000 km/sec. Electomagnetic lenses are used to direct the electron beam, by means of deflection, into a vacuum. The electrons strike the top layer of the work piece, removing material, and then become trapped in some layer beneath the surface. The process is similar to laser-beam machining, but because EBM requires a vacuum, it is not used as frequently as laser-beam machining.

Considerations

Vacuums must be used to reduce contamination, and minimize electron collisions with air molecules. Because work must be done in a vacuum, EBM is best suited for small parts. The interaction of the electron beam with the work piece produces hazardous x-rays, and only highly trained personnel should use EBM equipment.

References

1. http://www.eod.gvsu.edu/eod/manufact/manufact-284.html

2. Kalpakjian, Serope; Schmid, Steven. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006, pp. 854-855.


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