Cathedral of Pamplona

The Cathedral of Royal Saint Mary "(Santa María la Real)" is the Roman Catholic cathedral of the archdiocese of Pamplona, Spain. The current 15th century Gothic temple replaced an older Romanesque one. Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of other two previous churches. The Neoclassical façade was designed by Ventura Rodríguez in 1783. It has a 13th-14th century Gothic cloister, that gives access to two other Gothic rooms: the Barbazan chapel and the refectory. The Mediaeval kings of Navarre were crowned there and some of them were also buried. The Navarrese "Cortes" (Parliament) was held there even during the early modern ages.

The temple

The site of the cathedral is the oldest part of the Roman "Pompaelo". Archaeological excavations in 1994 have revealed streets and buildings from the 1st century BC. The oldest cathedral was demolished in 924 during the invasion of Abd-al-Rahman III, Caliph of Cordoba. During the reign of Sancho III (1004-1035) was reconstructed. That temple was demolished from 1083 to 1097, and the Romanesque cathedral was built from 1100 to 1127. It collapsed in 1391, remaining only the façade. The building of the current Gothic temple began in 1394 and lasted to 1501. The floorplan is cruciform with ambulatory, a central nave and four shorter aisles, all covered by partially polycromed rib vault. The style is very influenced by French models.

The sculpture of the interior includes the sepulchre of Charles III of Navarre and spouse, by Jehan Lome de Tournai (1419), and the image of Royal Saint Mary, a Romanesque woodcarved silverplated sculpture. The choir, with its Renaissance choir stalls (1541), is separated from the nave by a Gothic iron grating (1517). There was a Renaissance retable (1598) in the presbytery, now in the church of Saint Michael in Pamplona. In the lateral chapels there are two Gothic retables (c.1500, 1507); one Italian Renaissance retable (16th century); one late Renaissance retable (1610, polycromed in 1617); and five Baroque retables (1642, 1683, 1685).

The cloister

Probably, the most outstanding element of the cathedral is its 13th century cloister. As the temple, the style followed the French Gothic architecture, and the sculptural decoration is very rich. The door that gives access from the temple shows the Dormition of the Virgin, and at the mullion stands a 15th century sculpture of the Virgin Mary. The Barbazan chapel -named after the Pamplonese bishop buried there- is covered by a Gothic eight-rib vault. The so-called 'Precious Door' gives access to the ancient canons' dormitory and shows a complete sculptural story of the Virgin Mary's life. There are several notable burials: Bishop Miguel Sánchez de Asiáin's (14th century), Viceroy of Navarre Count of Gages' (Baroque, 18th century) and guerrilla fighter Francisco Espoz y Mina's (Neo-classical, 19th century). The lavatory is closed by a grid whose iron is said to be from the battle of Navas de Tolosa. Another decorated Gothic door gives access to the old kitchen and the refectory.

Diocesan Museum

The former canons' rooms house the Diocesan Museum. The main room is a 14th century rib-vault covered refectory. The adjacent kitchen is covered by a pyramidal stone-built chimney. This museum exhibits pieces of religious art from the cathedral and from many other Navarrese churches, many of them abandoned today: Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque sculpture, Gothic and Baroque painting, and 13th to 18th centuries goldsmith and silversmith.

The most outstanding silversmith pieces are the Gothic Holy Sepulcher reliquary, made in 13th century Paris; the 14th century "Lignum Crucis" reliquary and the Renaissance 16th century processional monstrance.

Bibliography

*Navallas, Arturo; Jusué, Carmen (eds.): "La catedral de Pamplona" (2 vols.), Pamplona: Caja de Ahorros de Navarra, 1994
*Arraiza, Jesús: "Catedral de Pamplona: la otra historia", Pamplona: Ediciones y Libros, 1994

External links

*es icon [http://www.iglesianavarra.org/67catpam.htm Archdiocese of Pamplona's web page: information and opening times]
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam1.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: the temple]
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam2.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: the façade]
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam5.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: Juan de Anchieta's "Crucified Christ"]
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam6.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: choir stalls]
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam12.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: main retable, now in the church of Saint Michael of Pamplona]
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam7.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: Charles III's sepulcher]
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam3.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: the 'Precious Door']
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam8.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: Holy Sepulcher reliquary]
*es icon [http://www.unav.es/arte/cmn/pamplona/lam9.html Catálogo Monumental de Navarra: processional monstrance]