Green Frog

Taxobox
name = Green Frog
status = LC
status_system = IUCN3.1
trend = stable

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image_width = 280px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Amphibia
ordo = Anura
familia = Ranidae
genus = "Rana"
species = "R. clamitans"
binomial = "Rana clamitans"
binomial_authority = (Latreille, 1801)
range_

range_map_caption = Green Frog range
synonyms =
"Lithobates clamitans"

:"Green frog" may also refer to the Edible Frog ("Rana kl. esculenta") or the Green and Golden Bell Frog ("Litoria aurea")"

The Green Frog or Bronze Frog ("Rana clamitans",Hillis, D. M. 2007. Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42:331-338.] Hillis, D. M., and T. P. Wilcox. 2005. Phylogeny of the New World True Frigs ("Rana"). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34:299-314.] [ITIS|ID=173439|taxon=Rana clamitans|year=2006|date=18 June] ) is a species of frog native to the eastern half of the United States and Canada.

Description

Adult green frogs range from 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) in body length (snout to vent). Males have a tympanum twice the diameter of the eye and a bright yellow throat. Female tympanum diameter is about the same as that of the eye. Dorsolateral ridges, prominent, seam-like skin folds that run down the sides of the back, distinguish the green frog from the bullfrog, which entirely lacks them.

Habitat

Green frogs live wherever there is shallow fresh water - ponds, road-side ditches, lakes, swamps, streams and brooks. Most often seen resting along the shore, they leap into the water when approached. By inhabiting an ecotone, in this case the terrestrial and aquatic habitat boundary, green frogs (and other aquatic ranid frogs), by employing a simple leap, leave behind their many and faster terrestrial enemies that cannot similarly cross that boundary.

Reproduction

Green frogs breed in semi-permanent or permanent freshwater. Males call from and defend territories. The distinctive call sounds like a plucked banjo string, usually given as a single note, but sometimes repeated.

The breeding season is from April to August. , whereby the male grasps the female with his forelimbs posterior to her forelimbs. The female releases her eggs and the male simultaneously releases sperm which swim to the egg mass. Fertilization takes place in the water. A single egg clutch may consist of 1000 to 7000 eggs, which may be attached to submerged vegetation.

Green frog tadpoles are olive green and iridescent creamy-white below. Metamorphosis can occur within the same breeding season or tadpoles may overwinter to metamorphose the next summer. Males become sexually mature at 1 year, females may mature in either 2 or 3 years.

Feeding

Green frogs will attempt to eat any mouth-sized animal they can capture, including insects, spiders, fish, crayfish, shrimp, frogs, tadpoles, small snakes, birds, snails. Tadpoles graze on algae and water plants.

Conservation Status

The green frog is an abundant frog wherever it occurs, a species of least concern.

Green frogs are protected by the law in some states.

Subspecies

There are two recognized subspecies of "Rana clamitans":
*Bronze Frog, "Rana clamitans clamitans" (Latreille, 1801)
*Northern Green Frog, "Rana clamitans melanota" (Rafinesque, 1820)

Gallery

External links

* [http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/terrestrial/amphibians/armi/species/green_frog.html ARMI: Green Frog] Includes links to sound files of Green Frog calls.

Footnotes

References

* Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is of least concern.
* (2005): Phylogeny of the New World true frogs ("Rana"). "Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." 34(2): 299–314. doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007 [http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/215.pdf PDF fulltext] . Erratum in "Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." 41(3): 735. doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.024
* (2007) Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. "Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." 42: 331–338.